Truth 1. Are they true? the following judgments about the truth? A. Truth is the correspondence of knowledge to human interests. B. Truth is the correspondence of thought to reality. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 2. Are the following truth statements true? Truth is A. Objective reflection objects and phenomena in human consciousness. B. The result of knowledge, existing only in the form of concepts, judgments and theories. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both A and B are true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 3. Are the following truth statements true? A. Truth is relative, because the world is changeable and infinite. B. Truth is relative, because the possibilities of knowledge are determined by the level of development of science. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 4. Are the judgments correct? A. Any truth is objective and relative. B. Absolute truth is practically unattainable. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both A and B are true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 5. Are the following statements true? Relative truth is knowledge A. With which not everyone agrees. B. Incomplete, true only under certain conditions. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both A and B are true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 6. Are the following judgments about true and false in knowledge true? A. All phenomena of reality can be assessed from the point of view of truth or falsity. B. False knowledge accepted as true is a delusion. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 7. Are the following judgments about practice as a criterion of truth correct? A. Practice is a criterion for the truth of our knowledge about the world. B. Practice is not the only criterion of truth, because there are phenomena that are inaccessible to practical influence on them. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both A and B are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 8. Are the following judgments about the criteria for the truth of knowledge correct? A. The criterion for the truth of knowledge is simplicity, clarity and consistency of knowledge. B. The criterion for the truth of knowledge is the practical orientation of knowledge. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 9. Are the following judgments about practice as a criterion of truth true? Practice is a relative criterion of truth because A. Not all phenomena can be assessed as true or false. B. There are phenomena that are inaccessible for practical influence on them. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 10. Are the following judgments about cognition true? A. Understanding the world can occur in the process Everyday life. B. The object of knowledge can be a person. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 11. Are the following statements true about the diversity of forms of human knowledge? A. The experience of everyday life is one of the ways to understand the world. B. Both scientific knowledge and knowledge obtained in everyday life are characterized by theoretical validity of conclusions. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 12. Are the following statements true about the diversity of forms of human knowledge? A. The functions of an artistic image in art are similar to the functions of a concept in science. B. Artistic images are just the result of fiction; they do not reflect reality. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 13. Are the following statements true? A. Science and religion are forms of knowledge of the world B. Religion and science form two different types of worldviews of humanity. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both A and B are true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 14. Are the following statements true? A. A feature of social cognition is the influence of the researcher’s position on the assessment of facts. B. The scientific study of society requires an objective approach to facts. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both A and B are true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 15. Are the following judgments about cognition true? A. The structure of cognition includes goal, means, and result. B. Cognition requires the presence of an object and a subject of cognition. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 16. Are the following statements true? A. Concept, judgment, inference create a sensory image of an object. B. Inference is a logical connection of judgments. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both A and B are true; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
Truth 17. Are the following judgments about the forms of knowledge true? A. Results sensory knowledge exist in the form of images. B. Results rational knowledge are fixed in sign systems and in language. 1) only A is true; 2) only B is true; 3) both judgments are correct; 4) both judgments are incorrect.
shared by most people
corresponds to the subject of knowledge
embodied in the form of theory
3. The criterion of truth is:
material production;
cumulative experience;
scientific experiment;
all of the above are true.
Both absolute and relative truths:
1. are objective in nature
2. are always confirmed in practice
3. give complete, comprehensive knowledge about the subject
4. can be refuted over time
1. obtained in the course of cognitive activity;
2. corresponds to the very subject of knowledge;
3. requires effort to understand;
True knowledge as opposed to false:
1. corresponds to the very subject of knowledge;
2. obtained in the course of cognitive activity;
3. has wide distribution possibilities
4. presented using scientific terms
33. The main and decisive criterion of truth is:
Logical consistency and consistency.
Self-evident.
Utility, in particular profitability and profitability.
Public recognition.
Consensus.
None of the above postulates.
Possibility of obtaining true knowledge denied:
philosophers
sociologists
agnostics
clergy
The ability to comprehend the truth by directly observing it without resorting to logical arguments
Intelligence
Intuition
Contemplation
Observation
Are the following judgments about the criteria for the truth of knowledge correct?
The criterion for the truth of knowledge is (are)
A. simplicity, clarity and consistency of knowledge.
B. compliance of knowledge with generally accepted ideas.
A. True knowledge is always obtained experimentally.
B. Only that knowledge is true that corresponds to the moral ideas of people.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Choose the correct judgments about the views of empiricists and rationalists:
A. Empiricists believe that the truth of knowledge is ensured by experimental data.
B. For rationalists, the criterion of truth is reason.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are judgments about truth correct?
A. A whole series of phenomena of reality cannot be assessed at all from the point of view of truth or falsity.
B. Practice is the only sufficient criterion of truth.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following truth statements true?
A. The relativity of truth is due to the boundlessness and variability of the comprehended world.
B. The relativity of truth is due to the limited cognitive capabilities of man.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following truth statements true?
A. Truth is an objective reflection of objects and phenomena in human consciousness.
B. Truth is the result of knowledge, existing only in the form of concepts, judgments and theories.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following truth statements true?
A. Path to absolute truth goes through relative truths.
B. Relative truth is complete, unchanging knowledge.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following truth statements true?
A. Truth is relative, because the world is changeable and infinite.
B. Truth is relative, because the possibilities of knowledge are determined by the level of development of science
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following statements correct?
A. Any truth is objective and relative.
B. Absolute truth is practically unattainable.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following statements about false knowledge true?
A. False knowledge is knowledge that does not correspond to the subject of study.
B. False knowledge is knowledge that has not been verified experimentally.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following judgments about practice correct?
A. Practice is the basis of knowledge and the criterion of truth.
B. Socio-historical practice is the only criterion of truth.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following truth statements true?
A. Truth is relative, because the possibilities of knowledge depend on the real historical conditions of the time.
B. Truth is relative, because the possibilities of knowledge are determined by the level of development of science and scientific methods.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following statements correct?
A. The opposite of a truth can be another truth.
B. The opposite of truth is always error.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following statements correct?
And the criterion for the truth of knowledge is its recognition by authoritative people in society
B. The criterion for the truth of knowledge is its degree of dissemination in society
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the following judgments about cognition correct?
A. It is impossible to obtain objective knowledge outside of science.
B. Science is one of the ways of understanding reality.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the judgments correct?
A. None of the absolute truths can become relative.
B. Some of the absolute truths may become relative.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the judgments correct?
A. The truth of any knowledge has its limits, therefore it contains elements of both absolute and relative truth.
B. All our knowledge is only relative to the truth, there is no absolute truth in it.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Are the judgments correct?
A. Absolute truth is knowledge with which everyone agrees, since it is something that is obvious and cannot be imagined otherwise.
B. Relative truth is knowledge. Sufficient for a person to successfully conduct his business.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
25. Are the judgments correct?
A. Relative truth is knowledge that necessarily gives rise to different points of view.
B. Relative truth is incomplete knowledge that is true only under certain conditions.
1. only A is true 2. only B is true
3. both judgments are correct 4. both judgments are incorrect
Cognition
Knowledge of the world.
1. Rational knowledge, in contrast to sensory,
reflects the shape of an object
creates a visual image of an object
compares essential characteristics of objects
determines the spatial arrangement of objects
2. Which of the following statements is scientific?
Time flows the same everywhere and does not depend on anything
A person's fate depends on the location of the stars in the sky at the time of his birth.
Electrically, current flows through wires the same way water flows through pipes.
There is a hereditary predisposition to certain diseases
Forms of knowledge: sensual and rational, true and false.
1. Rational knowledge, as opposed to sensory,
updates knowledge about the world around us
forms a visual image of an object
carried out in the form of sensation, perception and representation
uses logical reasoning.
2. Write down the word missing in the diagram below.
Answer: ______________________
3. Find the forms of sensory knowledge in the list below and circle the numbers under which they are indicated...
judgment
observation
feeling
perception
4. Are judgments about false knowledge true? Knowledge is false
A. inappropriate to the subject of study
B. not verified experimentally.
only A is correct
only B is correct
both judgments are correct
both judgments are wrong
Truth and its criteria.
1. Are the following statements about truth true?
A. Truth is an objective reflection of objects and phenomena in human consciousness.
B. Truth is the result of knowledge, existing only in the form of concepts, judgments and theories.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is true
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
2. Are the following statements about truth true?
A) The path to absolute truth goes through relative truths
B) Relative truth is complete, unchanging knowledge.
Only A is correct
Only B is correct
both judgments are correct
both judgments are incorrect.
3. Both absolute and relative truths
always find their confirmation in practice
are objective in nature
give complete, comprehensive knowledge about the subject
may be disproven over time
4. Write down the missing word:
“Undoubted, invariably established knowledge once and for all is called…….
the truth."
Answer:____________
The variety of forms of human knowledge.
1. " Green the plant owes chlorophyll.” This statement is an example
worldly knowledge
mythological knowledge
parascientific knowledge
2. Individuality is the unique identity of a person, a set of his unique properties.” This statement is an example
artistic image
parascientific knowledge
common sense judgments
scientific knowledge
3. Establish a correspondence between the form of cognition and its feature for each position given in the first column, select a position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table.
Scientific knowledge.
1. Which method of obtaining knowledge is used primarily at the theoretical level? scientific knowledge
measuring objects
description of experimental data
hypothesizing
conducting observations
2. Only scientific knowledge includes
established facts
experimentally based conclusions
logical conclusions
observation results
3. It is characteristic of both religious and scientific knowledge that they
are objective in nature
suggest evidence
can be passed on from generation to generation
necessary for a person to function rationally
4. Write down the word missing in the diagram.
Answer: _______________________________
Sciences about man and society.
1. Which of the listed sciences provides answers to the question of what good and evil are?
psychology
aesthetics
sociology
2. Which of the following sciences studies relationships between people related to the organization of production
philosophy
sociology
political science
economy
3. Among the listed sciences, the study of social statuses and social roles deals with
jurisprudence
sociology
political science
4. Which of the following sciences studies power relations in society?
sociology
jurisprudence
Training tasks. COGNITION
Part 1 (A)
[A] 1, Presentation is
1) sensory reflection in the form of an image of objects or phenomena, retained in consciousness (memory) after the end of the direct impact on the senses
2) reflection of individual properties and qualities of objects in the surrounding world that directly affect the senses
3) reflection of objects and their properties, directly
affecting the senses in the form of a holistic image
4) form (type) of thought, which reflects the general and essential features of cognizable objects and phenomena
The statement: “A product has value” is an example
1) presentation
2) concepts
3) judgments
4) conclusions
Are the following judgments about the forms of sensory and rational knowledge correct?
A. Sensation, perception, concept are forms of sensory knowledge.
B. Representation, judgment, inference are forms of rational knowledge.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
What does the word “flower” represent in the statement: “Here flowers grow”?
1)perception
2) presentation
3) concept
4) judgment
The subject of cognition is
1) world mind
2) person
3) nature
4) any live quality
Are the following judgments about cognition correct?
A. Cognition is a basic human need.
B. Cognition is always creative.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
The criterion(s) of truth is(are)
1) compliance with the prevailing teaching in society
2) practice
3) management opinion
4) all of the above
8. Definition:“Sensual image of external characteristics of objects and processes material world, directly affecting the sense organs" refers to the concept
1) hypothesis
2) presentation
3) perception 4) sensation
Are the following judgments about the stages of knowledge correct?
A. The difference between sensory and rational knowledge is temporary: first, a person perceives external qualities, properties of things, objects, and then tries to penetrate into the essence of the object or phenomenon. B. Sensory and rational knowledge are interconnected and inseparable.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
Cognitive activity, unlike labor
1) assumes the correspondence of goals and means
2) process-oriented, not result-oriented
3) carried out individually
Both sensory and rational cognition
1) forms ideas and knowledge about the subject
2) starts with a feeling
3) gives a visual image of the object
4) uses logical reasoning
Are the following judgments about the process of cognition correct?
A. In the process of cognition, a person’s emotions and feelings play an important role.
B. In the process of cognition, human intuition has a certain significance.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
Are the following statements about social cognition correct?
A. In social cognition, its subject and object coincide.
B. Experimentation is actively used in social cognition.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
What judgment is based on the image?
1) scientific
2) practical
3) artistic
4) everyday
Are the following statements about absolute truth true?
A. None of the absolute truths can become relative.
B. Some of the absolute truths may become relative.
1) only A is correct
3) both judgments are correct
2) only B is correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
Are the following judgments about the truth of knowledge true?
A. The truth of any knowledge has its limits, therefore it contains moments of both absolute and relative truth.
B. All our knowledge is only relatively true, there is no absolute truth in it.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
Definition: “The process of obtaining objective, true knowledge” refers to the concept
1) everyday knowledge
2) scientific knowledge
3) artistic knowledge
4) practical knowledge
The statement: "This house is bigger than all the others" is an example
Hypotheses
2) inferences
3) judgments
4) concepts
Are the following truth statements true?
A. Absolute truth is knowledge with which everyone agrees, since it is something that is obvious and cannot be imagined otherwise.
B. Relative truth is knowledge sufficient for a person to successfully conduct his affairs.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
The forms of scientific knowledge include
1) hypothesis
3) problem
4) all of the above
Which of the following examples relates to everyday knowledge?
1) wisdom: “The morning is wiser than the evening”
2) the myth of Prometheus
3) theory of natural selection
4) observation: when moving away, the size of an object decreases
(based on the materials of the FIPI analytical report on the results of the Unified State Exam 2011)
Problems with mastering the material on the topic under consideration were also revealed by the task with a detailed answer C5. 32% of respondents were able to explain the meaning that social scientists put into the concept of “truth” and write sentences containing social scientific information about this concept. Another 37% were only able to compose one sentence.
I propose to complete a series of tasks to analyze two judgments on the topics “Types of knowledge” and “The concept of truth, its criteria.”
1.
A. Truth is the correspondence of knowledge to human interests.
B. Truth is the correspondence of thought to reality.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
2.
Are the following truth statements true? Truth is
A. Objective reflection of objects and phenomena in human consciousness.
B. The result of knowledge, existing only in the form of concepts, judgments and theories.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both A and B are true;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
A comment . In order to complete these two tasks, you need to remember what truth is. There are different interpretations of the concept of “truth”.
Truth is:
- correspondence of knowledge to reality;
- what is confirmed by experience;
- some kind of agreement, convention;
- property of self-consistency of knowledge;
- usefulness of the acquired knowledge for practice.
The classic definition is as follows: truth is knowledge that corresponds to its subject and coincides with it. The forms of cognition are not only concepts and judgments, but also ideas, perceptions, sensations, and inferences.
3.
Are the following truth statements true?
A. Truth is relative, because the world is changeable and infinite.
B. Truth is relative, because the possibilities of knowledge are determined by the level of development of science.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
4. Are the judgments correct?
A. Any truth is objective and relative.
B. Absolute truth is practically unattainable.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both A and B are true;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
5. Are the following statements true? Relative truth is knowledge
A. Not everyone agrees with it.
B. Incomplete, true only under certain conditions.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both A and B are true;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
A comment . Objective truth is the content of knowledge that does not depend on either man or humanity.
Absolute truth is exhaustive reliable knowledge about nature, man and society; knowledge that can never be refuted.
Relative truth is incomplete, inaccurate knowledge corresponding to a certain level of development of society, which determines the ways of obtaining this knowledge; This is knowledge that depends on certain conditions, place and time of its receipt.
The difference between absolute and relative truths(or absolute and relative in objective truth) in the degree of accuracy and completeness of reflection of reality. Truth is always specific, it is always associated with a specific place, time and circumstances.
6. Are the following judgments about true and false in knowledge true?
A. All phenomena of reality can be assessed from the point of view of truth or falsity.
B. False knowledge accepted as true is a delusion.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
A comment . Misconception is the content of the subject's knowledge that does not correspond to the reality of the object, but is accepted as truth. Sources of misconceptions: errors in the transition from sensory to rational knowledge, incorrect transfer of other people's experience. A lie is a deliberate distortion of the image of an object.
7. Are the following judgments about practice as a criterion of truth true?
A. Practice is a criterion for the truth of our knowledge about the world.
B. Practice is not the only criterion of truth, because there are phenomena that are inaccessible to practical influence on them.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both A and B are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
8. Are the following judgments about the criteria for the truth of knowledge correct?
A. The criterion for the truth of knowledge is simplicity, clarity and consistency of knowledge.
B. The criterion for the truth of knowledge is the practical orientation of knowledge.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
9. Are the following judgments about practice as a criterion of truth correct? Practice is a relative criterion of truth because
A. Not all phenomena can be assessed as true or false.
B. There are phenomena that are inaccessible for practical influence on them.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
A comment . The criteria of truth are what certify the truth and allow us to distinguish it from error. Possible criteria of truth: compliance with the laws of logic; compliance with previously discovered laws of science; compliance with fundamental laws; simplicity, economy of the formula; paradoxical idea; practice. Practice is a holistic organic system of active material activity of people, aimed at transforming reality, carried out in a certain socio-cultural context. Forms of practice: material production (labor, transformation of nature); social action(revolutions, reforms, wars, etc.); scientific experiment. In philosophy, the idea is put forward: the leading criterion of truth is practice.
10. Are the following judgments about cognition true?
A. Knowledge of the world can occur in the process of everyday life.
B. The object of knowledge can be a person.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
11. Are the following judgments about the diversity of forms of human knowledge true?
A. The experience of everyday life is one of the ways to understand the world.
B. Both scientific knowledge and knowledge obtained in everyday life are characterized by theoretical validity of conclusions.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
12. Are the following judgments about the diversity of forms of human knowledge true?
A. The functions of an artistic image in art are similar to the functions of a concept in science.
B. Artistic images are just the result of fiction, they do not reflect reality.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
13. Are the following statements true?
A. Science and religion are forms of knowledge of the world
B. Religion and science form two different types of worldviews for humanity.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both A and B are true;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
14. Are the following statements true?
A. A feature of social cognition is the influence of the researcher’s position on the assessment of facts.
B. The scientific study of society requires an objective approach to facts.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both A and B are true;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
15. Are the following judgments about cognition true?
A. The structure of cognition includes goal, means, and result.
B. Cognition requires the presence of an object and a subject of cognition.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
16. Are the following statements true?
A. Concept, judgment, inference create a sensory image of an object.
B. Inference is a logical connection of judgments.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both A and B are true;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
17. Are the following judgments about the forms of knowledge true?
A. The results of sensory knowledge exist in the form of images.
B. The results of rational cognition are fixed in sign systems and in language.
1) only A is true;
2) only B is true;
3) both judgments are correct;
4) both judgments are incorrect.
Animals
