They are open, sociable, relaxed. The handshake of many boys is not at all childish, and during rock climbing training they amaze with their flexibility, tenacity and endurance. Ten-year-old children from an orphanage together with their director made their first ascent to Elbrus in 2001. Ten years later, the church orphanage is no longer struggling to survive.

Why do they need Elbrus?

For this ascent, the director of the Kovalevsky orphanage, the rector of the Transfiguration Church in the city of Nerekhta, Kostroma region, Archpriest Andrei Voronin was included in the Guinness Book of Records - never before have such young climbers climbed Elbrus. The best climbers in the world - Alexey Bolotov, Valery Babanov - expressed their admiration for him. But it was not for the sake of glory and records that the father led the children to the mountains. He is convinced that extreme hikes are necessary for their education: “Ten days of such a hike replaces for me at least ten months of intense teaching practice. And I’m not sure that in greenhouse conditions I would have achieved the desired result. And on an expedition I achieve exactly the goal that I set in advance. The children are starting to trust me. After all, modern orphanages initially do not trust adults, because their parents and close relatives betrayed them. When they find themselves in an orphanage, many of them may express affection for one of the adults, but there is no need to create illusions: this is not selfish. These children are pragmatic, they understand life as survival and want to use the orphanage employees for their own mercantile purposes. And without a child’s trust in the teacher, education is impossible. On an extreme hike, when we hang with them on the same rope, together we get waist-deep in snow, such trust arises. Risky? Very much, but in this case the risk is worth it. Children learn their margin of safety, begin to realistically assess the situation and interact differently in the team, the older ones help the younger ones. You can’t simulate this in an orphanage; there is complete consumption there. Of course, they take part in cooking and cleaning at home. But everyone understands perfectly well that if they refuse, someone else will do it for them. During the trip, no one will do anything for them. There is real survival going on there.”

Father Andrei does not gamble with death (something that some extreme sports enthusiasts do). He, who has experience in more difficult hikes, never places his students in critical conditions. But for children, many camping situations seem critical, on the brink of survival.

The boys themselves are responsible for the cleanliness of the barn. Cleaned according to schedule. Many orphanages know how to milk a cow, give injections to animals, feed livestock, and take care of calving from a cow.

Where have the healthy children gone?

After the ascent in 2001, Father Andrei Voronin took his students to Elbrus three more times. The last time was in 2008. Today there is no money for such long trips, but even if there were, the priest would not take the current students to the mountains. He noticed that after 2005, the health of children entering the orphanage sharply deteriorated. It is impossible to organize a group of current students for such an extreme hike.

Father Andrey often meets with the directors of other orphanages, and everyone notices a sharp deterioration in the health of their newcomers over the last five or six years. The parents of most of the previous students grew up in Soviet times, in more or less prosperous families. Many of those pupils were given birth to healthy women who later sank in the nineties, unable to withstand social upheavals. Today, children who come to orphanages are mostly children whose mothers themselves grew up in asocial families in those very nineties. Naturally, such mothers continued to drink, smoke, and inject drugs during pregnancy. “None of our children’s physical development corresponds to their age, and almost all of them have mental retardation,” says orphanage doctor Galina Sokolova, formerly the chief pediatrician of Nerekhta.

Children live in families of eight in two-story apartments: on the ground floor there is a dining room, a kitchen, a teacher’s room, on the second there are bedrooms.

Rospotrebnadzor against real men

Father Andrei believes that it is even more necessary to take weakened children on hikes. They will not be able to climb Elbrus, but they can choose a route with extreme elements according to their physical capabilities. But every year it becomes more and more difficult to organize and carry out such a trip. The main obstacle is laws.

On Sundays and church holidays Children from the orphanage go to the liturgy at the Transfiguration Church in the city of Nerekhta, where their director, Father Andrei Voronin, serves as rector. Newcomers are not rushed to immediately confess and receive communion

On April 26, 2010, the chief sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation, Gennady Onishchenko, approved the “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, maintenance and organization of the operation of tent-type children’s tourist camps during the summer holidays” developed by Rospotrebnadzor. “Now we can conduct hikes only with the permission of the Department of Social Protection of the Kostroma Region,” explains Father Andrey. — I have to send a request there with a detailed description of the route, climatic conditions, waste disposal, children's menu during the hike. At the same time, the same request is made to Rospotrebnadzor. It’s as if officials have any idea about the calorie content of certain foods and the physical costs of walking the route. This order is a formal reply in order to relieve oneself of any responsibility in the event of any incidents during the campaigns. Tent camping can only be done at plus 15 and above. That is, all spring and autumn trips, not to mention winter ones, are eliminated. The group must include a professional chef and a professional physician. All this ties our hands. And without the permission of Rospotrebnadzor, the Department of Social Protection will not give me permission, and accordingly, they will not sell train tickets for the group. Even if I manage to buy tickets, during any check (and children's groups on trains are checked carefully) we will be kicked off the train, and I will be brought to administrative responsibility at a minimum. Now we are racking our brains about how to continue to live, because in a consumer society with so many prohibiting instructions (and our officials have no alternative to prohibition), it is impossible to fully educate boys, to raise them into men.”

Travel to the Pamirs, 2006. Climbing Lenin Peak

Normal teachers always take a detour

Last summer, Father Andrei went kayaking with his students. I informed the Department of Social Protection that they were going to Kostroma Bay, but without specifying the details. An experienced tourist, he knows perfectly well what safety measures are necessary on a hike. The order of Rospotrebnadzor outrages Father Andrei not because he is against the rules, but because these rules, in his opinion, were taken out of thin air, invented by people who do not understand the specifics of hikes. Security measures should be determined by professionals, not bureaucrats. “I will still conduct hikes, taking into account the physical abilities of the children. Maybe not as difficult as climbing Elbrus, but survival hikes. Otherwise, you can simply close the orphanage,” the priest is categorical. “These children need to be given situations in which they can go beyond their stereotypes. We need to teach them to see the beauty of nature and be surprised by it: sunrise, sunset, dew, insects, fog, splashes on the water. Teach to develop their emotional world - they are all emotionally stunted.”

Father Andrei Voronin with his new pupil. Contact is being established

You have to bypass instructions not only when hiking. Starting with Makarenko, occupational therapy was the basis of social rehabilitation of difficult adolescents. Current laws prohibit this. As a result, pupils leave orphanages without basic everyday skills. For example, they don’t know how to boil water. In the Kovalevsky orphanage, boys are taught to work. But even such a small thing as washing dishes and cleaning is contrary to the rules of Rospotrebnadzor. What can we say about children working on a farm owned by an orphanage! On the farm there is a milkmaid, a cattleman, a veterinarian, and a machine operator, but they are actively helped by the pupils. Many guys know how to milk a cow, give injections to animals, feed cattle, and handle calving from a cow or farrowing from a pig. And the boys themselves are responsible for cleaning the barn and pigsty. They clean according to a schedule; every day after lunch, three or four people go to the farm. It was a joy to watch how 13-year-old Artem wielded a pitchfork. True, Father Andrei, in response to my admiration, said that it was he who tried so hard in front of me. But in any case, teenagers on the farm acquire basic labor skills.

It would seem that you have your own farm, what happiness! Children have a unique opportunity in our time to drink natural milk and eat fresh meat. But this also contradicts the instructions of Rospotrebnadzor! According to sanitary standards, children must drink milk from packages, that is, pasteurized. Naturally, they don’t drink it, but there is always a carton of milk in the refrigerator - in case of inspection. Children also eat meat from the farm illegally, since children are prohibited from eating pork, even store-bought ones, and they can only eat their own beef if there is a certified slaughterhouse. There is a veterinarian on the farm, and the quality of the meat is checked by specialists. But there is no slaughterhouse of its own, so formally Father Andrei does not have the right to feed his pupils this meat.

At the highest point in Siberia, the top of Mount Belukha. Altitude 4500 m

The students also grow potatoes, cabbage, beets, and onions themselves. The farm helps kill two birds with one stone: teach children to work and feed them organic products. And all this is illegal.

Whoever survives in a modern school will not be lost in life

Kovalevsky students study at a comprehensive school in Nerekhta. Father Andrei is categorically against creating a closed school on the territory of the orphanage: “After such an incubator, going out into the world will be a huge shock for the children, which not everyone will withstand. It is clear that the modern school is an anti-teacher. We must be patient and methodically develop their immunity to everything negative, develop their taste, and comment on certain school situations. Children should be able to resolve conflicts themselves. They have to swim in this world. Let them study."

Crimea, Chatyr-Dag plateau. These children will not disappear underground

An orphanage bus transports children to and from school. High school students who have a lot of extracurricular activities are allowed to stay longer and return to the orphanage on their own. Kovalevites also go to visit their classmates. You just need to agree in advance with the teacher, and if this coincides with being on duty at the farm, switch with one of your comrades. In winter, the older ones are allowed to go to the city skating rink, although the orphanage also has its own. But in the city it’s more fun - music, a lot of people.

Children are not isolated from the world. And most importantly, they are loved here. It is not surprising that many people call teachers mothers. Families of eight live in two-story apartments. Each family is assigned three to four teachers, who change every other day. Breakfast and dinner are prepared in families, children help teachers. Previously, they also dined in the family, but since, according to Rospotrebnadzor requirements, food must be prepared in a centralized catering unit, such a catering unit was built with the help of philanthropists. Now families prepare lunch only on Saturdays and Sundays, when the cooks have days off; on other days, teachers take a ready-made lunch from the dining room and bring it home.

Strangulation by taxes

Today, 24 boys from 6 to 17 years old live in the Kovalevsky orphanage. Several years ago there were more than 50 of them. Three new buildings were built with charitable funds and are almost ready for use, in which six more families of seven children each can be accommodated. In total, the orphanage can accommodate 80 children. This will require an increase in the staff of educators. Philanthropists are ready to allocate funds for salaries, but with the current tax legislation, Father Andrei is not going to increase the number of children and teachers.

Maxim is new; he arrived in Kovalevo this winter from a regional orphanage. Here everything is different for him, not the way he is used to. But the most amazing thing is that children do not live in groups, but in families led by mothers who teach. Now, when meeting a new person, Maxim will certainly say: “And I have a mother!”

The orphanage pays taxes not only on property and land (140 thousand rubles a year for 2.5 hectares of land), but even on the charitable donations from which it exists. “I’m ashamed to look people in the eyes,” the director of the orphanage says indignantly. “They donate to us, for our projects, and a considerable part of their money flows into the state treasury. Last year they demanded thirty percent! True, the tax authorities themselves suggested that no tax is taken from the donation. That is, charitable assistance and donation are different things in the understanding of our bureaucrats. And in Dahl’s dictionary these are synonyms.”

State social institutions also pay taxes, but since their owner is the state itself, it includes the tax amount in the general annual budget of each institution. That is, this money comes from the state treasury to an orphanage or boarding school, and then is returned. It is difficult to understand why an orphanage that receives almost no help from the state should replenish the state treasury. The state finances the Kovalevsky orphanage on a compensation principle: first, the management of the orphanage sends a detailed report on costs to the financial service, and only then the state compensates for part of these costs (for food, salaries for employees). And even then not completely. However, the state is in no hurry to fulfill these modest obligations. It already owes the orphanage two million rubles, but the financial department answers briefly: there is no money.

Schools have long forgotten about what labor lessons are. In Kovalevo they are not going to give them up - a real man should be able to work with his hands! Sergei (pictured), referred to in the orphanage’s staffing table as a “repair worker,” tinkers with the boys just as much as the teachers. Students will learn how to handle wood - sawing, burning, polishing - in his carpentry workshop. Due to safety regulations, the guys cannot work on complex machines, but everyone receives basic skills in working with tools

Father Andrei is pessimistic: “All kinds of reports already take up a lot of my time to the detriment of the children. If there are more children, the bureaucratic burden will increase several times. I would probably give up everything and close the orphanage altogether. But this would be a betrayal of children and philanthropists. Therefore, I will work in the hope that someone will have the intelligence and will to change the system. But I’m not sure that the state is interested in this.”

Leonid VINOGRADOV
photo by Irina SECHINA

Father Andrey is a graduate of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University with a degree in glaciologist (glacier specialist); before taking holy orders, he worked on Elbrus for many years. Ten years ago, he organized a unique pedagogical experiment at an orphanage in the village of Kovalevo, Kostroma Region. Pupils of Fr. Andrey goes in for sports, wrestling, goes to the mountains, and then edits films about his travels. And teachers who observe the life of this Orthodox orphanage from the outside throw up their hands, because the education system in Kovalevo brings real positive results: children from disadvantaged families receive a “start in life.”

We met with Father Andrey on the eve of a new trip. Before this, the guys from Kovalevo visited the Crimean mountains, rowed the Karelian rivers, and even climbed Elbrus. And now - no less - they were going to conquer Alaska.

Father Andrey, you are the director and confessor of the orphanage, and at the same time the creator of the Children's Extreme Project. Why did you decide to do this unusual method education?

At one time I spent many years in the mountains, visited both the Caucasus and Tibet. And in 1989 he became a priest, went to the Kostroma region, and distributed all his climbing equipment to friends, including ropes and alpine skis. I thought this topic was closed for me.

And then, after 1991, when a terrible time began, and it turned out that around great amount homeless children, we began to build an orphanage. In 1997, the question arose: what to do next? After all, children grow up very quickly. And then, as I now understand, rather out of despair, I decided to take the guys to the mountains. Over the many years of working and living in the mountains, I have never met bad people. Mountains are a kind of forge of male character.

The results of this first trip with children in the late 90s amazed not only me, but also experienced teachers. In ten days of mountain trekking we achieved results that we had not achieved in ten months of hard teaching work.

What is special about your pedagogical approach?

We base our work on these five principles. The first is the family structure of the children, they live in our orphanage “at home”, in such unique “families”, where older children help the younger ones, and they have “parents” who are their educators and mentors. The second is the Church. Third - study. Fourth - work. We have a large subsidiary plot, a farm, land that we cultivate. Fifth is sports and a healthy lifestyle. Our children engage in wrestling and extreme travel - hiking and mountaineering.

Very often our methodology is criticized, but there is also support, and the highest - His Holiness Patriarch approved our endeavor and blessed us all.

Tell me, Father Andrey, does a believer have a special view of going to the mountains?

You know, mountains are an analogy for a person’s spiritual life, and a complete analogy at that. A mountain is like an icon, an image of the mountain that is inside us, and which we climb all our lives. Climbing upward is associated with dangers, with risks, difficulties, with great strain of physical, spiritual, and mental strength. And you can fly down without making any special efforts. And fall into the abyss.

What can mountaineering give besides pleasure and physical fitness?

Mountains fascinate us, attract and transform us. I know many climbers, and I see how spiritually rich these people are, and they themselves, without knowing it, strive for God. They overcome cowardice, meanness, and human insignificance.

Can climbing mountains cause spiritual harm?

Of course, not everything is safe. Many people who go to the mountains have pride. But for us, mountains are only a means; thanks to them, we solve our pedagogical problems. Uniting takes place in the mountains human nature, fragmented by sin. After all, modern man who spends most of his time at the computer, his head is in a completely different place than his body.

In the mountains, with a backpack, climbing a glacier, using a rope, you come together. And not for a moment, but for a long time, for example, a week, two or more. And going through suffering, yes, yes, because this is, in fact, voluntary suffering, the human heart is cleansed. Blessed pure in heart, for they will see God. It's amazing how children transform in such a situation. Very difficult children.

The majority of our compatriots think this way: yes, there are many street children, a terrible number, unprecedented in the entire history of Russia. Yes, they need to be collected, clothed, fed, and somehow raised. And few people think that 99% of these children are disabled.

What do you have in mind?

They are psychologically disabled. And partly spiritual. Makarenko’s times are over, these are not the children he dealt with. Those children had parents they loved. And these parents died for one reason or another. And now we are dealing with abandoned children. And from an early stage of development, they experienced a blockade in the brain and heart.

They stopped trusting people. Instead of a mother, they have a “black hole” in their heart. Their basic human instinct—attachment—dies away, with all the tragic consequences. This disability is much more dangerous than any other, but it is hidden. And only those who are closely connected with these children understand that our pedagogical resources are exhausted, and we must look for new methods. Otherwise, they give up. We followed this path, and we see that we were not mistaken - rehabilitation actually occurs during the hike.

And not only in the mountains. We go skiing in winter, in 30-degree frosts. We spend the night in the snow, in caves, in tents. The children are not only rehabilitated psychologically and spiritually, but also undergo a harsh school of life.

The time in which we live is often called the era of consumerism. And our task is to teach children to fight to preserve human dignity, the image and likeness of God in any situation. And this is not at all easy.

Priest opening his arms

I first came to St. Seraphim Church as a student at St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. And I saw an amazingly lively, very experienced and wise priest who spoke fiery sermons about love for Russia and about Orthodox faith, spiritual life. And, of course, it was also surprising that a priest with such experience. Usually we see the opposite: honored archpriests, they somehow keep to themselves, but here he, on the contrary, opened his arms, always inviting young priests to concelebrate with him at the service. He talked and taught us how to act correctly in certain circumstances. And, of course, all this could not help but impress me. And I clung to my father. Then, after graduating from theological seminary, I came here a thousand kilometers from my diocese, from Ivanovo, specifically to be with him, to soak up this amazing atmosphere of Seraphim’s services, listen to the beautiful singing of the choir, stand next to the priest at the throne, listen to his wise advice or instructions . And, of course, my father always told me: “If you can’t come, call me, and if you need something, ask.” Of course, my mother and I often called the priest. But it was impossible to get through to him by phone. Until twelve o'clock his phone was always busy. That is, as I understand it, people called from all over Russia. And from abroad to ask his wise advice.

And we also called him when we heard that he was sick. And we say: “Father, I really want to see you, how can we see you?” And he answers: “You know, don’t come for another ten days, I’ll be in the hospital. And on the tenth of February you will come to me.”

And so my wife and I arrived on the tenth of February, it turned out to be the ninth day. The Lord just vouchsafed to serve Divine Liturgy. And come to the grave of our dear father to honor his holy memory.

In our church we always remember Father, although many of my parishioners knew him only from my words, but they always sent me - go to St. Petersburg, ask Father Vasily what to do. I brought notes from many people. Then the priest wrote letters to some, and simply answered some in words. And it was very difficult to serve the liturgy, to remember Father Vasily for his repose, because usually he was always among the first to call for his health. Well, what can we do, we are all mortal, and the Lord took our dear father. I hope he stays with us and hears our prayers. And we will also come to the grave. Take his blessing for all our affairs.

Archpriest Andrei Voronin, rector of the Church of the Archangel Michael in the village. Mikhailovsky and rector of the temple in the name of the Fedorov Icon Mother of God in Ivanovo

Dear classmates and graduates of the Faculty of Geography! Many of us knowAndrey's father (Andrey VoroninDepartment of Glaciology, graduated in 1985). Now he has taken monastic vows under the nameJoannaand lives in a monasteryKutlumush, Mount Athos, Greece. This letter contains references to the fascinating story of Andrei Rybak, a friend of Fr. John, where he describes their joint journey to Athos (see topic"Dove over Mount Athos" ). And then a trip to visit Fr. John to the Kutlumush monastery, where he found his new home - http://www.logoslovo.ru/forum/all_1/section_43_1/topic_10143 /.

I know about. John for many years. And all these years, with faith in God, he cared about other people more than about himself. Many of us know his compassionate project " Kovalevsky orphanage"- http://kovalevo.org/. And now, when he carries out his monastic service with prayers for all of us, I want to help him with whatever little I can to help him.

Vorobyova (Bozhinskaya) Lesya

Below is a letter from Father John to Andrei Rybak:

Peace be with you, dear brother! Archimandrite Christodoulus, abbot of the Kutlumush monastery, in addition to the ruins of the cell of St. Apostle Andrew gave me another object - an ancient pyrgos (tower) with a system of berths, which is the oldest port of Athos. Now this is an absolutely deserted place, where there is simply no one. Pyrgos is located about 80 meters from my ruin. Previously it was a single complex. Inside Pyrgos there is a perfectly preserved temple in honor of St. Archangels and living quarters above. It is necessary to repair the road, supply water, make some kind of heating, install windows, doors, etc. Since the object is of historical importance, every step has to be taken with caution and coordination in order to recreate the ancient appearance. I’m now trying to connect someone else to our facility, because it is very significant for Athos in general. There are a lot of very fathers huddled anywhere, Russians, of course. Thank God that Abbot Kutlumush really doesn’t refuse anyone: already in the monastery itself there are 8 Russians for every 32 brethren! This doesn't include the Kellyots. Many construction projects of cells, and practically all of them, are now frozen on the lands of Kutlumush, due to the “attack” under plausible pretexts of other monasteries on Kutlumush due to the large number of Russians whom the monastery allowed to reside. They say that construction is taking place without proper documents and permits. My situation is the most favorable: I have all the documents approved at the very top of the administration of Athos (Kinot), and there are workers who were left idle at the moment. NO MONEY. This is a well-known topic... The monastery itself is one of the poorest on Mount Athos: food is the best indicator. She's the scarcest one here. And the archimandrite sits with the brethren at the same table. Most of my friends would refuse such food even if they were hungry. They try, but not everything works out. I run from the monastery to my cell all the time: 6 km downhill and 6 km back uphill, with a height difference of 400 m. The monastery gave me a car - an old Opel Frontera, it puffs, creaks, but it drives for now. You have to carry building materials, transport workers, food, etc. Everything is very expensive. But freedom, prayer and the invaluable experience that can only be acquired here are worth it! And even more. Now it is extremely important to put every effort into organizing the lives of the Russian ascetic fathers, at least some of them. Big changes are coming in the world. However, one must clearly understand that the fate of this world is decided not by politicians and their intrigues, but in SILENCE and in doing smart fathers - ascetics. In the future, the Russian brethren will see the appearance of a whole monastery. The price of the issue is very high and is estimated at tens of thousands of euros, since the prices here are special. Very expensive delivery via ferry. We will be glad to receive any donation.

Ruble card details:

Ruble MasterCard card

Card number 5305955600875757

N 30101810500000000280

BIC 044525280

TIN 7710020212

OGRN 1037739314348

Recipient's account: 40817810600003000204

Current account details in Russian rubles:

Recipient bank: Commercial Bank "Russian Trade Bank" (limited liability company)

Corr. account in the Operations Department of the General Directorate of the Central Bank

Russian Federation for the Central Federal District of Moscow

N 30101810500000000280

BIC 044525280

TIN 7710020212

OGRN 1037739314348

Legal Address: Russian Federation, 119021, Moscow, Timur Frunze street, building 11, building 60A

Recipient's account: 40817810000000000658

Recipient: Voronin Andrey Rufovich

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Euro card

Card number 5471511438512357

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Beneficiary bank: Russian Trade Bank Limited Liability Company, MOSCOW, RUSSIA

Please make additions!
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Pedigree list: Gorenko Andrey Yakovlevich

Generation 1 ___

1. Gorenko Andrey Yakovlevich (About 1784-?)
Gender: male. Great-grandfather in the direct male line, Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko, as can be seen from his
a formal list preserved in the files of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate6,
came from serf peasants of the landowner Orlov, from the village of Matusovo, Cherkasy district of Kyiv
provinces. He was born around 1784. In December 1805, as a result of conscription, he joined the army as a private.
41st Jaeger Regiment. As part of this regiment, he participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, first in
Wallachia, then in Bulgaria. In 1810, he distinguished himself “in defeating the enemy near the Temruk River and taking
the captivity of the commander of the Turkish army, the three-bunchuzh Pasha Pehlivan, and his officials.”
In the summer of 1812, the regiment was transferred to the war with Napoleon. Andrey Gorenko took part in the battle under
Red, and then at the "village of Borodino he was in a general battle, for which he has a silver
medal." Having completed the entire foreign campaign with the regiment, "1814, March 18 near the city of Paris in the battle
was "and for taking it he was also awarded a silver medal. In March 1813, Andrei Yakovlevich
Gorenko was promoted to non-commissioned officer, and in December 1815 received the rank of ensign, thereby earning
the most noble dignity (personal, not hereditary). We only know about his wife that her name was
Maryana. A metric certificate has been preserved, which states that on August 7, 1818, “at
non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger Regiment Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko and his wife Mariyana had a son, Anthony" -
Akhmatova's grandfather.
Died
Around 1784: Born
1818: Anton is born (2-1)
Spouse: ...Maryana....

Generation 2 ___

2-1. Gorenko Anton Andreevich (1818-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 73. Akhmatova’s paternal grandfather was Anton Andreevich
Gorenko, born on August 7, 1818. At the age of 14 he was a cabin boy of the Black Sea Artillery School, at 20 -
non-commissioned officer of the 2nd training naval crew in Sevastopol. In 1842 he became an ensign, in 1851 -
second lieutenant During the Crimean War, as stated in his official list, he “participated in the defense
Sevastopol. Was in actual battle on October 5, 1854 at the Nikolaev battery at
repelling the attack of the united enemy fleet." In 1855 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne 3rd
degree, and in 1858 - St. Vladimir of the 4th degree, thereby he acquired hereditary nobility and was
included in the second part of the genealogy book of the nobles of the Tauride province. By 1864 he was a staff captain,
caretaker of the Sevastopol Naval Hospital; in 1882 - major, superintendent of port lands and gardens
in the Sevastopol. Died in 1891. He was married to the daughter of Lieutenant Ivan Voronin - Irina (1818-1898).
Father of nine children
1818: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Yakovlevich, mother: ... Maryana....
1846: Mary is born (3-2)
1848: Andrey is born (4-2)
1850: Peter is born (5-2)
1852: Leonid was born (6-2)
1854: Anna is born (7-2)
1856: Mikhail is born (8-2)
1858: Vladimir is born (9-2)
1861: Nadezhda is born (10-2)
1862: Eugenia is born (11-2)
1891: Died
Spouse: Voronina Irina Ivanovna, life expectancy: 80.
1818: Born
1898: Died

Generation 3 ___

3-2. Gorenko Maria Antonovna (1846-?)
Female gender.
Died
Got married
1846: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
Husband: Tyagin Alexey Alekseevich.

4-2. Gorenko Andrey Antonovich (1848-1915)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 67.
Got married. Wife 1.
Got married. Wife 2.
Leonid was born (18-4(2))
Got married. Wife 3.
Got married. Wife 4.
1848: Born. Mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna, father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich.
1875: Nikolai was born (19-4(3))
1878: Anton is born (20-4(3))
1885: Inna was born (12-4(1))
1887: Andrey is born (13-4(1))
1889: Anna is born (14-4(1))
1892: Irina was born (15-4(1))
1894: Iya is born (16-4(1))
1896: Victor is born (17-4(1))
1915: Died
Wife 1: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f), life expectancy: 78.
Got married. Husband: Zmunchilla... (1m).
1852: Born. Father: Stogov Erasm Ivanovich, mother: Motovilova Anna Egorovna.
1930: Died
Wife 2: ....
Wife 3: Vasilyeva Maria Grigorievna (1f).
Wife 4: Akhsharumova Elena Ivanovna (3f). widow of Rear Admiral Strannolyubsky

5-2. Gorenko Pyotr Antonovich (1850-1894)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 44. It is known that the third child, Pyotr Andreevich Gorenko (b.
16.1.1850), in 1864 he studied at the Simferopol gymnasium. He died on February 13, 1894 in
Sevastopol with the rank of titular councilor at the age of 44 from “pulmonary consumption”. The funeral service took place
February 14 in the Church of All Saints, burial in the city cemetery (possibly in the family crypt)
1850: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1894: Died

6-2. Gorenko Leonid Antonovich (1852-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 39.
1852: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1891: Died

7-2. Gorenko Anna Antonovna (1854-?)
Female gender.
Got married
Died
Mikhail was born (21-7)
Boris is born (22-7)
Vladimir was born (23-7)
Leo born (24-7)
Vera was born (25-7)
Anton was born (26-7)
1854: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1893: Anna is born (27-7)
Husband: Soloveichik Sergei Mikhailovich.

8-2. Gorenko Mikhail Antonovich (1856-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1856: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.

9-2. Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich (1858-?)
Gender: male.
Married
Zinaida was born (28-9)
Died
1858: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1887: Constantine is born (29-9)
Wife: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.

10-2. Gorenko Nadezhda Antonovna (1861-About 1922)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 61.
1861: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
Circa 1922: Died

11-2. Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna (1862-1926)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 64. Evgenia Antonovna (by her husband Arnold) in 1882 was
subject to secret surveillance due to the discovery of her correspondence with N.A. Zhelvakov (who shot 18
March 1882 in Odessa by the verdict of the "People's Will" military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov and executed
together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie
management, meetings of the Youth Union of the Narodnaya Volya party took place. Later she became
doctor, lived in Sevastopol and Odessa34. Died in 1927
Got married
Olga was born (30-11)
Irina was born (31-11)
Nadezhda was born (32-11)
Anton was born (33-11)
1862: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1926: Died
Husband: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich. married Anatoly Maximilianovich Arnold,
student at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, later an official in the chancellery
Sevastopol mayor, member of the city council.

Generation 4 ___

12-4(1). Gorenko Inna Andreevna (1885-1906)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 21.
Got married
1885: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1906: Died
Husband: Stein Sergey Vladimirovich.

13-4(1). Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to a cousin) (1887-1920)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 33.
Married
Kirill (Teta) was born (34-13)
1887: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1920: Died
09/30/1920: Andrey was born (35-13)
Wife: Zmunchilla Maria Alexandrovna.
1939: Died

14-4(1). Gorenko (Akhmatova) Anna Andreevna (1889-1966)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 77.
Got married. Husband 1.
Got married. Husband 2.
Got married. Husband 3.
1889: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
10/01/1912: Leo was born (36-14(1))
1966: Died
Husband 1: Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich, life expectancy: 35.
Got married. Wife: Engelhardt-Gumileva Anna Nikolaevna.
04/03/1886: Born
1919: Elena is born
08/26/1921: Died
Husband 2: Punin Nikolai Nikolaevich, life expectancy: 65.
Got married. Wife: Arens Anna Evgenievna.
1888: Born. Father: Punin Nikolai, mother: ....
1921: Irina was born
1953: Died
Husband 3: Shileiko Vladimir Kazimirovich.

15-4(1). Irina (1892-1896)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 4.
1892: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1896: Died

16-4(1). Gorenko Iya Andreevna (1894-1922)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 28. Lived in Sevastopol with her mother died of tuberculosis
1894: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1922: Died

17-4(1). Gorenko Viktor Andreevich (1896-1976)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 80.
Married
1896: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1924: Inna was born (37-17)
1976: Died
Wife: Raitsyn Hanna Vulfovna, life expectancy: 83.
1896: Born
1979: Died

18-4(2). Galakhov Leonid...
Gender: male.
Was born. Mother: ..., father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich.

19-4(3). Gorenko Nikolay (1875-1885)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 10.
1875: Born. Mother: Vasilyeva Maria Grigorievna (1f), father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich.
1885: Died

20-4(3). Gorenko Anton Andreevich (1878-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1878: Born. Mother: Vasilyeva Maria Grigorievna (1f), father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich.

21-7. Soloveichik Mikhail Sergeevich
Gender: male.

22-7. Soloveichik Boris Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

23-7. Soloveichik Vladimir Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

24-7. Soloveichik Lev Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

25-7. Soloveichik Vera Sergeevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
Got married
Husband: Bogomolov...

26-7. Soloveichik Anton Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.

27-7. Soloveichik Anna Sergeevna (1893-1927)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 34.
Got married. Husband 1.
Galina was born (38-27(1))
Tatiana was born (39-27(1))
Got married. Husband 2.
1893: Born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
1923: Eduard was born (40-27(2))
1927: Died
Husband 1: Mindalevich Ananiy....
Husband 2: Stefan Kowalski..., life expectancy: 53.
1885: Born
1938: Died

28-9. Gorenko Zinaida Vladimirovna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich, mother: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.

29-9. Konstantin (1887-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 4.
1887: Born. Father: Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich, mother: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.
1891: Died

30-11. Arnold Olga Anatolyevna
Female gender.

31-11. Arnold Irina Anatolyevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.

32-11. Arnold Nadezhda Anatolyevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.

33-11. Arnold Anton Anatolievich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.

Generation 5 ___

34-13. Gorenko Kirill (Teta) Andreevich (?-01.1920)
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to a cousin), mother: Zmunchilla Maria
Alexandrovna.
01.1920: Died

35-13. Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (09/30/1920-1976)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 55.
Married
09/30/1920: Born. Mother: Zmunchilla Maria Alexandrovna, father: Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to
cousin).
1976: Died
Wife: Kosara Kondiliya....

36-14(1). Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich (01.10.1912-15.06.1992)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 79.
Married
10/01/1912: Born. Father: Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich, mother: Gorenko (Akhmatova) Anna Andreevna.
06/15/1992: Died
Wife: Simonovskaya Natalya Viktorovna, life expectancy: 84.
02/09/1920: Born
09/04/2004: Died

37-17. Inna (1924-1927)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 3.
1924: Born. Mother: Raitsyn Hanna Vulfovna, father: Gorenko Viktor Andreevich.
1927: Died

38-27(1). Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna
Female gender.
Got married
Woman born (41-38)
1935: Yuri was born (42-38)
Husband: Semyon Polozov..., life expectancy: 77.
1907: Born
1984: Died

39-27(1). Mindalevich Tatyana Ananyevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Mindalevich Ananiy..., mother: Soloveychik Anna Sergeevna.
Got married
Woman born (43-39)
Husband: Nesterov Ivan....

40-27(2). Kovalsky Eduard Stefanovich (1923-1987)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 64.
Married
Gennady was born (44-40)
Born Male (45-40)
1923: Born. Father: Kovalsky Stefan..., mother: Soloveichik Anna Sergeevna.
1987: Died
Wife: ... Elena....
2001: Died

Generation 6 ___

41-38. Polozova...
Female gender.
Born. Father: Semyon Polozov..., mother: Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna.
Got married
Husband: Korneev...

42-38. Polozov Yuri Semenovich (1935-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1935: Born. Father: Semyon Polozov..., mother: Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna.

43-39. Nesterova...
Female gender.
Born. Father: Nesterov Ivan..., mother: Mindalevich Tatyana Ananyevna.
Got married
Husband: Kirpichnikov....

44-40. Kovalsky Gennady Eduardovich
Gender: male.

45-40. Kowalski...
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Kovalsky Eduard Stefanovich, mother: ... Elena....

Report generation date: 10/10/2017

...................
==========
--------

Pedigree of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova

I have no pedigree at all,
In addition to sunny and fabulous...
"Poem Without a Hero"

The question may arise: is such a study necessary? Does it make sense to be interested in the ancestors of outstanding people, including wonderful poets? No one has proven that talent and, in particular, the “mysterious gift of song” can be inherited. On the contrary, everything that we know about the relatives of the great poets indicates rather the opposite. The example of Vasily Lvovich Pushkin and his brilliant nephew is nothing more than an exception that confirms the rule.
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova also thought about this. In her later autobiographical notes, she notes that “no one in the family, as far as anyone can see, wrote poetry, only the first Russian poetess Anna Bunina was the aunt of my grandfather Erasmus Ivanovich Stogov”1. In fact, as we will see later, this is not entirely accurate. And that’s probably not the point. The point is not to look for the roots of poetic talent in our ancestors. Another thing is important - to feel and understand those diverse living connections that can have the nature of attraction or repulsion, but which are always one way or another, consciously or unconsciously, stretched from ancestors to descendants, influencing the formation of their personality.
The historical self-awareness of each person arises initially - even in childhood - as a consciousness of belonging to a certain family, clan, and only then - to a certain social stratum, nation, etc.
Those historical processes and the events in which our parents and ancestors participated are for each of us a special, most intimate section of Russian history. You not only read about them, but also hear stories from parents and relatives. These events and phenomena acquire such details that you cannot read about in any book; they are seen from an unusual angle and acquire a special emotional coloring.
It is well known how keenly and deeply Pushkin was interested in his genealogy, and how significantly it was reflected in his work. And, apparently, it is no coincidence that the outstanding historian Academician S.B. Veselovsky dedicated a special study to Pushkin’s ancestors2. Alexander Blok, who revealed in the poem "Retribution" a whole layer of Russian public life the last third of the 19th century, placed the family of his parents and grandfather at the center of this lyrical-epic narrative. Blok’s genealogy was studied in detail by one of his first biographers, V.N. Knyazhnin3. Additional data about Blok’s ancestors was published by M.A. Kruglova4.
Akhmatova idolized Pushkin, and considered Blok “not only the greatest European poet of the first quarter of the twentieth century, but also a man of the era, that is, the most characteristic representative of his time”5. And it seems to us that the question of what was Akhmatova’s attitude towards her pedigree, how real family ties, family legends and traditions in her work cannot be indifferent to everyone who is interested in both Akhmatova’s work and Akhmatova as a person.
The goal of this research is to find out, based on archival and printed sources, the real pedigree of A.A. Akhmatova and compare it with the poetic pedigree embodied in her poems and autobiographical prose.
Anna Andreevna Gorenko, known throughout the world under the literary pseudonym Akhmatova, had, like each of us, four great-grandfathers and four great-grandmothers. The great-grandfather in the direct male line, Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko, as can be seen from his formal list, preserved in the files of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate6, came from the serf peasants of the landowner Orlov, from the village of Matusovo, Cherkassy district, Kyiv province. He was born around 1784. In December 1805, as a recruit, he joined the 41st Jaeger Regiment as a private. As part of this regiment, he participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, first in Wallachia, then in Bulgaria. In 1810, he distinguished himself “in defeating the enemy at the Temruk River and capturing the commander of the Turkish army, the three-bunchu Pasha Pehlivan, and his officials.” In the summer of 1812, the regiment was transferred to the war with Napoleon. Andrei Gorenko took part in the battle near Krasnoye, and then at “the village of Borodino he was in a general battle, for which he received a silver medal.” Having completed the entire foreign campaign with the regiment, “on March 18, 1814, he was in battle near the city of Paris” and for its capture he was also awarded a silver medal. In March 1813, Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko was promoted to non-commissioned officer, and in December 1815 he received the rank of ensign, thereby earning noble dignity (personal, not hereditary). We only know about his wife that her name was Maryana. A metric certificate has been preserved, which states that on August 7, 1818, “a son, Anthony, was born to non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger Regiment Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko and his wife Mariyana” - Akhmatova’s grandfather.
Akhmatova’s second great-grandfather on the paternal side was, as can be seen from the grandfather’s formal list, Lieutenant Ivan Voronin, whose daughter Irina was married to Anton Andreevich Gorenko. Akhmatova's great-grandfathers on her father's side were of humble origin and achieved the nobility in military service. Maternal great-grandfathers - Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov and especially Egor Nikolaevich Motovilov were well-born nobles. Vivid portraits of both of them were drawn by Akhmatova’s grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov in his memoirs published in the magazine “Russian Antiquity”7.
The Stogovs descended from the Novgorod boyars. This circumstance was remembered by Akhmatova, entered deeply into her consciousness and was embodied in a poem written in 1916:

Calm and confident love
Do not overcome me to this side:
After all, a drop of Novgorod blood
In me - like a piece of ice in foamy wine.

According to family legends, the Stogovs’ ancestors were evicted from Novgorod by Ivan the Terrible and settled in Mozhaisk district. By the end of the 18th century they became poor. Akhmatova’s great-great-grandfather, Dmitry Dementievich Stogov, owned the small estate of Zolotilovo, Mozhaisk district, Moscow province, and two dozen peasants. His son Ivan Dmitrievich (Akhmatova’s great-grandfather), who owned Zolotilov inseparably with his brothers, persistently tried to substantiate the antiquity of the noble family of the Stogovs. However, he was unable to prove the origin of his family from Fyodor Vasilyevich Stogov, who, according to the scribe books of 1627, owned estates in Mozhaisk district and Beloozero. The Moscow provincial noble parliamentary assembly recognized the origin of I.D. Stogov only from his grandfather, Dementy Artemyevich, who acquired Zolotilovo by purchase. In January 1804, I.D. Stogov was issued a letter indicating that “he and his family were included in the Noble Genealogy Book of the Moscow Province, in the first part of it”8. The first part of the genealogical books included, as is known, families who were granted nobility between 1685 and 1785.
Dmitry Dementievich Stogov, according to the testimony of his grandson Erasmus, was known among his neighbors as a sorcerer, he knew how to charm bleeding and dissuade headaches. All three of his sons - Mikhail, Ivan and Fedor - served in military service under Suvorov, and Ivan was allegedly his “permanent orderly”9. From the official list of Ivan Stogov it is clear that in 1789 he took part in the capture of Gadzhibey, and then fought on the Danube on ships of the Black Sea Rowing Fleet10. Having retired as a second lieutenant in 1796, Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov until old age served in Mozhaisk by election - mayor, judge, treasurer. He died in 1852, 86 years old.
According to his son Erasmus, Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov “all his life he had no taste for vodka and wine, did not touch cards, was extremely religious, observed fasts to the point of asceticism, everyone knew him as an honest and completely unselfish person. He read the press freely, but not very quickly, and he considered it sinful to read a civil book. In dangerous cases, he was extremely courageous, and was inexorably strict, even cruel, over those who depended on him.”11 ; flogged his son mercilessly. He was married to the daughter of the Ruza district treasurer Maxim Kuzmich Lomov - Praskovye. According to Erasmus Stogov, Maxim Lomov died in old age from grief that “the French took Moscow.”
Akhmatova’s great-grandmother Praskovya Maksimovna Lomova (1781-1832), as her son Erasmus recalled, was known as the first beauty in Ruza district. She knew a little bit of literacy (she wrote in block letters, not following spelling). She was very kind, everyone loved her, only her husband was rude and cruel to her. Pregnant with her seventeenth child, she fell from a droshky and died in childbirth. Most of their children died in early childhood; three sons and four daughters survive. Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov gave his sons outlandish names: Erasmus, Iliodor and Epaphroditus. All of them graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg and became naval officers12. Their formal lists have been preserved in the Russian State Archives of the Navy.
A.A. Akhmatova’s second great-grandfather on her mother’s side, Egor Nikolaevich Motovilov (1781-1837), was a noble and wealthy Simbirsk landowner. He traced his family back to Fyodor Ivanovich Shevlyaga, the brother of Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla, the founder of the royal house of the Romanovs13. Egor Motovilov owned the Tsilna estate, 60 versts from Simbirsk, and several hundred peasants. In his youth, he briefly served as an artilleryman in the Caucasian garrisons, and after retiring in 1801 with the rank of lieutenant, he settled on his estate14. He was known as a homebody, unsociable, a proud and independent man.
His wife Praskovya Fedoseevna was born Akhmatova. Anna Andreevna chose her maiden name as a literary pseudonym, created in her imagination the image of a “Tatar grandmother,” introduced it into her poetry, and made it part of her poetic biography. “I received rare gifts from my Tatar grandmother; / And why was I baptized, / She was bitterly angry...” Akhmatova wrote in “The Tale of the Black Ring” in 1917.
Even in her adolescence, Anna Andreevna could read about her maternal ancestors in the memoirs of her grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov. When his notes were published in Russian Antiquity, Tsarskoe Selo high school student Anna Gorenko was 13-14 years old. She already wrote poetry and was a thoughtful, impressionable girl. From her grandfather’s memories, supplemented, probably, by her mother’s stories, Anya Gorenko could have learned for the first time that her great-grandmother’s maiden name was Akhmatova. This surname somehow struck her and was compared in her mind with school ideas about Khan Akhmat, about the end of the Horde yoke. All her life A.A. Akhmatova was convinced that the blood of the khans of the Golden Horde flowed in her veins; she repeatedly recalled and wrote about this. Thus, in her autobiographical essay “The Beginning,” written in the late 1950s, Akhmatova reported: “They named me Anna in honor of my grandmother Anna Egorovna Motovilova. Her mother was a Chingizid, Tatar princess Akhmatova, whose last name, without realizing that I was going to be Russian poet, I made it my literary name"15.
In reality, Praskovya Fedoseevna Akhmatova was, of course, not a Tatar princess, but a Russian noblewoman. The Akhmatovs are an old noble family, probably descended from serving Tatars, but Russified a long time ago. Kirill Vasilievich Akhmatov also took part in the Kazan campaign of Ivan the Terrible; two Akhmatovs were stewards under Peter I. The direct ancestors of Praskovya Fedoseevna were included in the 6th (most ancient) part of the genealogy book of the nobles of the Simbirsk province and descended from Stepan Danilovich Akhmatov, who was established at the end of the 17th century in the city of Alatyr16. There is no information about the origin of the Akhmatov family from Khan Akhmat or from the Khan’s family of Chingizids in general. The Akhmatovs never bore the princely title. And yet, the family legend preserved in the memory of Anna Akhmatova may have some real basis. The fact is that Praskovya Fedoseevna’s mother, Anna Yakovlevna, before her marriage bore the surname Chegodaev and, in all likelihood, came from the family of Tatar princes Chegodaev17. Of course, it is impossible to prove the origin of the Chegodaev (Chagataev) princes, first mentioned in the 16th century, from the son of Genghis Khan Chagatai (Dzhagatai), who died in 1242. However, most likely, it was these genealogical data that still needed careful verification that could serve as the basis for the legend about the relationship of Akhmatova’s ancestors with the descendants of the khans of the Golden Horde.
Praskovya Fedoseevna and Yegor Nikolaevich Motovilov died in 1837, marrying their daughter Anna to Erasmus Stogov.
Anna Akhmatova's maternal grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov lived a long and stormy life. He was born on February 24, 1797 in the family estate of Zolotilovo, Mozhaisk district, and died on September 17, 1880, 83 years old, in the acquired estate of Snitovka, Letichevsky district, Podolsk province (now Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine). Judging by his memoirs, published in Russian Antiquity, he was not devoid of literary talent.
As a boy of about six, he was sent to be raised in the Luzhetsky Monastery near Mozhaisk. He stayed there for a year and a half and, in his words, “learned nothing.” When he was eight years old, he was sent to his neighbor and distant relative, the wealthy landowner Boris Karlovich Blank. Blank’s mother-in-law, Varvara Petrovna Bunina, lived with her, who, according to E.I. Stogov, “was somehow related to us.” Her sister, Anna Petrovna Bunina, a famous poetess at that time, came to see her. Erasmus called her “aunt,” but in reality she was a distant relative of him*18, and not his own aunt, as A.A. Akhmatova believed. In 1807, A.P. Bunina took Erasmus with her to St. Petersburg and, through her brother Ivan, enrolled him in the Naval Cadet Corps. After graduating from the corps, Erasmus Stogov served for 20 years in Eastern Siberia and Kamchatka, commanded ships, left very interesting notes about life on this distant outskirts of Russia, the life of local residents, the situation of soldiers and convicts, and gave a vivid description of representatives of the local administration and clergy.*19
Returning to St. Petersburg in 1833, E.I. Stogov met L.V. Dubelt and soon achieved a transfer from the navy to the gendarmes. At the beginning of 1834, he was appointed staff officer of the gendarme corps in Simbirsk. He considered the three years spent in this service to be the happiest time of his life. “In Simbirsk I was rightfully the first, and my word had weight and meaning.” With disarming frankness, he tells in his notes how he blackmailed Governor A.I. Zagryazhsky and finally achieved his dismissal, how he resolutely suppressed peasant unrest, with what pleasure and unshakable confidence in his rightness he was engaged in intrigues and surveillance, of course, solely “for the sake of the good of our neighbors and the Fatherland."
There, in Simbirsk, E.I. Stogov married the daughter of the landowner Motovilov, Anna Egorovna. This is how he himself describes his marriage. First of all, using his professional knowledge, he compiled a list of 126 “magnanimous” brides, i.e. having a dowry of at least 100 souls. Then he began to collect detailed information about each of them. Finally, he chose the daughters of Yegor Motovilov. I went to see him in Tsilna. A modest house. Two daughters - Anna and Alexandra. He sat, looked, listened, and at the end of the conversation asked his parents to give him their eldest daughter for him.

“You couldn’t possibly know my daughter?” asked the surprised Motovilov.
- Sorry, I’m a gendarme, I have to know everything and I do.
- But I have to tell you that we don’t know you.
“This is the truth: I let you find out about me, and I will report to you that I am an excellent person in all respects.”
Four days later, the Motovilovs agreed to the wedding.
“Then I approached the bride.
“I’ve settled things with your parents,” I said, “the matter remains up to you.”
“I don’t know you at all,” she answered.
- Is there anything disgusting about me?
“No,” she answered.
- In that case, let’s go to the icon and cross ourselves.

And as soon as she crossed herself, I quickly kissed her and said: now it’s over with you, now you are my bride.”20.
In 1837, Stogov was appointed head of the office of the Kyiv Governor-General D.G. Bibikov. He parted with Simbirsk with sadness. “Farewell, my dashing activity! I was in my place both in ability and in character. I was loved by the whole society, did no harm, but stopped abuses quietly, without noise, and tried to correct, and not destroy”21.
After this “dashing activity,” the service in Kyiv seemed insipid to him, although, as he wrote, from 1837 to 1851 he was “the closest person under Bibikov.” Having retired in 1851, Erasmus Stogov settled in the Snitovka estate, Podolsk province, which he had purchased. He was over 70 years old when he began writing his memoirs, which, even during his lifetime, began to be published in “Russian Antiquity” under the general title “Essays, Stories and Memoirs of E... ...va.” After the death of E.I. Stogov, the editor of “Russian Antiquity” M.I. Semevsky published his “Posthumous Notes” with his full signature. In 1903, Stogov's memoirs were again published in Russian Antiquity in a significantly expanded edition. In general, E.I. Stogov’s notes are distinguished by outstanding literary merits and at the same time represent a valuable historical source that deserves special study22. On the frontispiece of the 7th issue of “Russian Antiquity” for 1903 there is an engraved portrait of E.I. Stogov by G.I. Grachev. A plump, large old man with a fleshy nose, thick eyebrows, and a thick beard looks out from the portrait. The left eyebrow is strongly raised. Thick lower lip. Bags under the eyes. Warts on the face. The facial expression is domineering and unkind.
Additional information about E.I. Stogov was provided by his daughter Iya Erasmovna (in marriage - Zmunchilla) in a letter to M.I. Semevsky, written after the death of her father. Semevsky published excerpts from this letter in Russian Antiquity. According to Stogov’s daughter, “the ideal of his entire life was the late Nicholas I; he put him at an unattainable height and worshiped him diligently and ardently. Father was always in a good mood, spoke, joked and laughed very willingly. With all strangers, without distinction rank, position and condition, he was always attentive, kind and friendly. He always prayed long and diligently, but he did not enjoy enviable health. He was always very strict and demanding with his children. He strictly pursued entertainment, but the children were always cheerful. When his daughters grew up, he became an indulgent friend to them, and he was infinitely kind and affectionate to his grandchildren. Six years ago, that is, in 1874, their father married them. last daughter and gave us a deed of gift for his estate (about 4,000 dessiatines)"23.
Erasm Ivanovich Stogov's wife Anna Egorovna, nee Motovilova, was born in 1817, died around 1863, leaving her husband, who survived her by 17 years, a son and five daughters, the youngest of whom, Inna Erasmovna, later became the mother of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova.
According to family legends, E.I. Stogov cursed his only son, Iliodor, for disobedience, kicked him out of the house and disinherited him. In 1882, Iliodor Erazmovich Stogov held the modest position of teacher German language at the Poltava real school24. E.I. Stogov married all his daughters to neighbors on the estate: Anna - to Viktor Modestovich Vakar, Alla - to Vladimir Timofeevich, Iya - to Alexander Grigorievich Zmunchilla, Zoya - to Lev Demyanovsky25. According to family legend, the youngest of the sisters, Inna Erasmovna, was also married to Zmunchilla, apparently the brother or nephew of Alexander Grigorievich, the husband of her older sister Iya.
Family ties between the families of E.I. Stogov’s daughters remained very close many years after his death. In Anna Gorenko's letters to her husband early deceased sister Inna*26 - Sergei Vladimirovich von Stein, sent from Kyiv in 1906-190727, repeatedly mentions uncle and aunt Vakar, with whom Anya stayed during the Christmas holidays; cousin Nanichka - Maria Alexandrovna Zmunchilla, in whose house Anya lived when she graduated from the Kyiv Fundukleevsky gymnasium; “cousin Demyanovsky” - apparently Grigory Lvovich; "cousin Sasha" - Alexander Vladimirovich Timofeevich. Relatives on the father's side are also mentioned, although much less frequently, in particular, "Aunt Masha" - the elder sister of the father, Maria Antonovna.
Akhmatova’s paternal grandfather was Anton Andreevich Gorenko, born on August 7, 1818. At the age of 14 he was a cabin boy at the Black Sea Artillery School, at 20 he was a non-commissioned officer of the 2nd training naval crew in Sevastopol. In 1842 he became an ensign, in 1851 he became a second lieutenant. During the Crimean War, as stated in his official list, he “participated in the defense of Sevastopol. He was in the actual battle on October 5, 1854 at the Nikolaev battery when repelling an attack by a united enemy fleet.” In 1855 he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree, and in 1858 - St. Vladimir, 4th degree, thereby acquiring hereditary nobility and was included in the second part of the genealogical book of nobles of the Tauride province. By 1864 he was a staff captain, caretaker of the Sevastopol Naval Hospital; in 1882 - major, superintendent of port lands and gardens in Sevastopol. Died in 1891. He was married to the daughter of Lieutenant Ivan Voronin - Irina (1818-1898). Father of nine children28.
According to family legend, Anton Gorenko was married to a Greek woman, from whom Anna Andreevna allegedly inherited her characteristic profile. In one of her autobiographical notes dating back to the early 1960s, Anna Akhmatova wrote: “Ancestors: 1) Genghis Khan. Akhmat (the last khan of the Golden Horde. 2) ancestors - Greeks, most likely - sea robbers"29. It can be assumed that the “Greek ancestors” are as legendary as the “Tatar grandmother”. In any case, Akhmatova’s paternal grandmother, Irina Ivanovna Voronina, in all likelihood, was not Greek. It is possible, however, that it was not the grandmother who was Greek, but Akhmatova’s great-grandmother, the wife of Lieutenant Ivan Voronin, whose name we do not know.*30
Akhmatova's father, Andrei Antonovich Gorenko, was born in Sevastopol on January 13, 1848. He was the second child in the family and the eldest of the sons. When he was ten years old, his father sent him as a cadet to the Black Sea Navigation Company. In the XIII part of the General Maritime List (St. Petersburg, 1907), the formal list of A.A. Gorenko was published, from which we learn that at the age of 14 he was transferred to cadet, and in 1868, at the age of 20, he was promoted to conductors of the corps of mechanical engineers of the Black Sea Fleet. In 1869-1870 he was on a voyage abroad. Upon his return, he received his first officer rank. In 1875, with the rank of midshipman, he was appointed full-time teacher at the Naval School in St. Petersburg. He advanced slowly in his career. Only in 1879, at the age of 31, he was promoted to lieutenant and awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd degree. Simultaneously with teaching at the Naval School, A.A. Gorenko studied social activities. In particular, his speech on January 7, 1881 at a meeting of the IV branch of the Imperial Technical Society with sharp criticism of the activities of Russian society shipping and trade. The newspaper "Nikolaevsky Vestnik" reported that A.A. Gorenko “based on accurate information and data gleaned from the reports of the company itself, proved the criminal negligence with which it conducts its maritime operations” 31.
In mid-1881, A.A. Gorenko’s service almost ended. The Police Department case “On the political unreliability of lieutenants Andrei Gorenko and Gavrilov and midshipman Kulesh”, begun on April 14, 1881, has been preserved32. The essence of the matter came down to the fact that Andrei Gorenko, as it turned out from his intercepted letters, convinced his friends in Nikolaev to join fictitious marriages, in order to free the girls “from the swamp of the suffocating atmosphere of their parents’ home.” The matter was set in motion. At the very end of April (literally on the eve of his resignation), the Minister of Internal Affairs, Count M.T. Loris-Melikov, informed the head of the Naval Ministry that the teacher of the Naval School, Lieutenant Andrei Gorenko, was considered politically unreliable. It is difficult to understand what political motive the shaken dictator saw in the words and actions of Lieutenant Gorenko. Apparently, Loris-Melikov, accused at that time of being soft and unruly, which is why Alexander II allegedly died, decided to show firmness and vigilance in this case. An investigation began, the results of which were reported by Director of the Police Department V.K. Pleve to N.P. Ignatiev, who replaced Loris-Melikov as Minister of Internal Affairs. Plehve asked the minister to allow the initiation of “special proceedings against Lieutenant Gorenko to investigate his harmful direction with the aim of then submitting an administrative expulsion in accordance with Articles 33 and 34 of the Regulations on Measures to Protect State Order.” Ignatiev imposed a resolution: “I agree. September 25, 1881.” 33-year-old Lieutenant Gorenko was in serious trouble. However, none other than the head of the agents of the St. Petersburg security department, G.P. Sudeikin, who was gaining strength at that time, stood up for him. The report he submitted stated that the initial information about Gorenko’s unreliability was not confirmed, and during a search of his apartment, nothing criminal was found. The investigation, however, continued for another year, during which A.A. Gorenko was suspended from teaching at the Naval School.
On September 21, 1882, P.N. Durnovo, who at that time managed the judicial department of the Police Department, in response to a request from the inspectorate department of the Naval Ministry, reported that “the investigation due to the complete lack of data to accuse Lieutenant Gorenko was terminated without any consequences for him, and then the State Police Department does not contain any information that discredits Andrei Gorenko politically. Likewise, there are also no indications unfavorable for Andrei Gorenko about his relationship with his sisters Anna and Evgenia, who live in Sevastopol and drew attention to their unreliability, the former as being attracted to him. inquiry in 1874 and 1878 regarding her relations with famous state criminals Solovyov and Ivanchin-Pisarev, and the second - as having, according to the testimony of the father of the executed state criminal Zhelvakov, in written relations with his son."
Andrei Gorenko's younger sisters were indeed directly related to the populist movement of the 1870-1880s. Anna Antonovna Gorenko was brought to trial in 1874 in the famous “case of the 193” participants in the “walk among the people”, was subjected to secret police surveillance, then arrested in 1879 on suspicion of harboring A.I. Ivanchin-Pisarev, released on bail ; in 1882-1883 was a member of the St. Petersburg People's Will circle33.
Evgenia Antonovna (by her husband Arnold) was subjected to secret surveillance in 1882 due to the discovery of her correspondence with N.A. Zhelvakov (who shot and killed military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov on March 18, 1882 in Odessa following the verdict of Narodnaya Volya and was executed together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie administration, meetings of the Youth Union of the Narodnaya Volya party took place. Later she became a doctor and lived in Sevastopol and Odessa34. Died in 1927
As for Andrei Antonovich Gorenko, the matter, which threatened very serious consequences, ended quite happily for him. This unexpected and sharp turn in the “Gorenko case”, which was also carried out not without the participation of G.P. Sudeikin, involuntarily raises suspicions whether this “king of provocation”, who at that time weaved a network of secret agents around the remnants of the “People's Party”, was trying to recruit him. will". We were unable to find reliable data that would confirm this suspicion. A. A. Gorenko still had to part with the Naval School and the military fleet in general. On October 24, 1882, he was "discharged for service in the merchant navy." Three years later he re-enlisted on active duty and sailed as chief navigator on the schooner Redut-Kale in the Black Sea.
In March 1887, at the age of 39, Andrei Antonovich finally retired from the navy with the next rank of captain of the 2nd rank and settled with his family in Odessa. So the information given by A.A. Akhmatova in her autobiographical note “Briefly about myself”: “I was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa (Bolshoi Fontan). My father was at that time a retired naval mechanical engineer”35, are quite true.
In the 1880s, the name of Andrei Gorenko appeared quite often on the pages of both special publications and provincial newspapers in the South of Russia. In the works of the Society for the promotion of Russian industry and trade, his articles were published on the organization of a pension fund for sailors and on the establishment in Odessa of a government inspection for the qualification examination of ships, following the example of the English Lloyd's. A.A. Gorenko’s literary activity was not limited to professional problems. The newspaper "Odessa News" in 1888-1889. indicates his name in the list of its main employees. During these years, Odessa News published reviews of the memoirs of Garibaldi, the novels of A. Dode and F. Shpilhagen signed by A. G. We can agree with the assumption of the Odessa local historian R. A. Shuvalov that they, in all likelihood, belong to the author father of Anna Akhmatova36.
In 1890, Andrei Antonovich Gorenko with his wife Inna Erasmovna and children Inna, Andrei and Anna returned from Odessa to St. Petersburg. In 1891, he was listed in the "Address Calendar" as an official of special assignments State control in the modest rank of titular adviser (corresponding to the rank of fleet lieutenant, which A.A. Gorenko had before his resignation). He advanced somewhat more successfully in the civil service than in the military. By 1898, he was a court councilor, assistant to the controller general of the Department of Civil Reports of the State Audit Office. Then he transfers to the service of the Department of Railways. In 1904, he was a state councilor, a member of the Council of the Chief Manager of the Main Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports (the position of chief manager was held by Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich), a member of the committee of the Society for the Promotion of Russian Industry and Trade, and a member of the board of the Russian Danube Shipping Company. As Akhmatova recalled, soon “the father did not get along with Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and resigned, which, of course, was accepted. The children with Bonnie Monica were sent to Yevpatoria. The family broke up.”37
It is known that the marriage of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko with Anna Akhmatova’s mother Inna Erasmovna was his second marriage. The service record of Lieutenant Andrei Gorenko, compiled by January 1, 1881, states that he “was married in his first marriage to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasilyev - the maiden Maria, has children: sons - Nikolai, born May 17, 1875, and Anton, born. January 7, 1878. Wife and children of the Orthodox confession"*38. It is interesting that in the service record compiled on June 24, 1886, it is indicated that A.A. Gorenko “was married in his first marriage to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasiliev, maiden Maria Grigorievna,” and Lieutenant Gorenko personally certified this list: “I read it and it’s true”39 , although there is no doubt that by 1886 A.A. Gorenko was already actually married to Inna Erasmovna, née Stogova. At the end of 1884, their eldest daughter Inna was born.
* An incompletely clarified and almost detective story is connected with Andrei Antonovich’s second marriage and the birth of his daughter Inna. In 2000, genealogist I.I. Grezin, living in Switzerland, discovered in the metric books of the Geneva Orthodox Church of the Exaltation of the Cross an entry indicating that Inna Andreevna Gorenko “was born on December 5, 1884, baptized on January 9, 1885. Parents: Lieutenant Andrey Antonovich Gorenko and his legal wife Maria Grigorievna Gorenko, née Vasilyeva, are both Orthodox." If you believe this official document, it turns out that Inna was the daughter of Andrei Gorenko’s first wife, but at baptism she received the rarest at that time name of his future wife. The situation is implausible. It is more logical to assume that Andrei Antonovich, who was out of work at that time, traveled around Europe with Inna Erasmovna, but with a passport in which his first wife was entered, with whom he, obviously, had not yet been divorced. How this complex legal situation was subsequently resolved is unknown. But there can hardly be any doubt that Anna Akhmatova’s beloved older sister, Inna, was her own, and not her half-sister. In the birth certificate of her son Andrei on September 23, 1887, Inna Erasmovna is already listed as the legal wife of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko.
In 1905, Andrei Antonovich left his second family, which by this time numbered three daughters and two sons, and connected his life with Elena Ivanovna Strannolyubskaya (nee Akhsharumova), the widow of his teaching comrade at the Naval School, the famous teacher Rear Admiral A.N. Strannolyubsky, who died in 1903. Inna Erasmovna took the children to Evpatoria, and then to Sevastopol. Anna Gorenko was 16 years old at that time. In her letters to S.W. von Stein, written one and a half to two years after her parents’ divorce, her dislike for her father is clearly felt. Informing Stein in February 1907 about her decision to marry N.S. Gumilyov, she asks: “What do you think dad will say when he finds out about my decision? If he is against my marriage, I will run away and secretly marry Nicolas “I can’t respect my father, I never loved him, why on earth would I obey him?”40.
After 1910, when Anna Andreevna, having married N.S. Gumilyov, again settled in Tsarskoe Selo, her meetings with her father, apparently, were episodic. However, when in the summer of 1915 her father became seriously ill, Anna Andreevna was constantly with him, caring for the patient together with E.I. Strannolyubskaya. On August 26, 1915, a short announcement appeared in the newspaper “Novoye Vremya”: “On August 25, after a short but serious illness, Andrei Antonovich Gorenko died, which the family of the deceased informs with deep sorrow. Memorial service at the apartment of the deceased (Srednyaya Nevka Embankment, 12) . Burial on the 27th"41. Akhmatova’s father was buried at the Volkov cemetery. His grave has not survived.
Information about appearance and the character of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko are few and fragmentary. Akhmatova herself in her notes only mentions that her father, even in childhood, called her a “decadent poetess”42, and in another place she says that he was “ good father but a bad husband"
Younger brother Anna Akhmatova, Viktor Andreevich Gorenko, recalled that his father was “a terrible spendthrift and was always after women”43. Viktor Andreevich’s wife, Hanna Vulfovna Gorenko, from the words of her mother-in-law, characterizes Andrei Antonovich as “a man of unusually tall stature, very handsome, personable, with a great sense of humor, powerful, loving life, great success in women"44.
Ariadna Vladimirovna Tyrkova (1869-1962), publicist and prominent figure in the Cadet Party, also remembers Andrei Antonovich Gorenko. She knew the Gorenko family from Tsarskoye Selo. According to her, Anna Akhmatova's father "was good man and a very intelligent person. Loved to live. He courted, and not without success, all the pretty women he met. He was a big theatergoer. He once told me: I am not an envious person, but I am terribly jealous of those who can kiss Duse’s hand. Anna inherited from her father his important posture and expressive face. She didn't have his cheerfulness. And my father’s greed for life, perhaps, was there. There was not a shadow of the poetic concentration with which Anna was enveloped. By what law of heredity did such a clever woman, such an original, deeply talented and charming woman come from this family? Gorenko the father did not appreciate his daughter’s talent. She told me that when she signed her first published poem - Anna Gorenko, the father boiled and made a scene for his daughter: I forbid you to sign like that. I don't want you to talk about my name..."45.
Judging by the memoirs of M.V. Kamenetskaya, A. A. Gorenko was familiar with her mother A. P. Filosofova, a famous philanthropist and activist for women’s education, and met in her
Chernykh Vadim AlekseevichCultural monuments. New discoveries. Yearbook, 1992. M., 1993. pp. 71-84.
Notes:

* This article was written 14 years ago. Since then, new information has appeared about the ancestors and close relatives of Anna Akhmatova. Additions made to the article are marked with an * in the main text and in the notes.
1. Akhmatova A. Works: In 2 vols. M., Hood. literature, 1990. T. 2. P. 270.
2. Veselovsky S.B. Family and ancestors of Pushkin in history // New world. 1969. No. 1-2. ; the same in his book: Studies on the history of the class of service landowners. M., 1969. P. 39-139.
3. Knyazhnin V. Alexander Alexandrovich Blok. Petersburg, 1922.
4. Kruglova M.A. To the history of the A.A. family Blok // Soviet archives. 1981. No. 5. P. 67-69.
5. See: Zhirmunsky V.M. The work of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1973. P. 55.
6. RGIA, f. 1343, op. 19, building 3271, l. 6-8.
7. [Stogov E.I.] Essays, stories and memories of E... va // Russian antiquity. 1878. No. 6 - 12; It's him. Posthumous notes // Ibid. 1886. No. 10; It's him. Notes // Ibid. 1903. No. 1 - 8.
8. Historical archive of Moscow, f. 4, op. 7, no. 70, 71.
9. Russian antiquity. 1886. No. 10. P. 83.
10. Historical archive of Moscow, f. 4, op. 7, d. 70, l. 8.
11. Russian antiquity. 1903. No. 1. P. 134.
12. General maritime list. Part 8. St. Petersburg, 1894. pp. 254-255; Part 11. St. Petersburg, 1900. P. 632.
13. encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron. T. 39. P. 43.
14. RGIA, f. 1343, op. 25, no. 5933.
15. Akhmatova A. Works: In 2 vols. T. 2. P. 269.
16. Savelov L.M. Pedigree records. Vol. 1. M., 1906. P. 88-89; RGIA, f. 1343, op. 16, building 3255.
17. See: Generational painting of the family of princes Chagadayev, descendants of Prince Khozyash Chagadayev-Sakansky. // RGIA, f. 1343, op. 51, no. 725, l. 15-48; Sivers A.A. Genealogical research. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg, 1913. P. 80-84; Pazukhin A.A. Pedigree of the Pazukhins and genealogical materials of the Pazukhinsky archive. St. Petersburg, 1914. P. 65-66; Blagova G.F. Turkic chahataj - Russian chagatai / jagatai: Experience of comparative study of old borrowing // Turkological collection. 1971. M., 1972. S. 167-205.
*18. . Anna Petrovna Bunina was the sister of Mikhail Petrovich Bunin, who was married to the sister of Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov, the great-grandfather of A.A. Akhmatova.
*19. Unfortunately, the chapters about E.I. Stogov’s stay in Siberia and the Far East were not included in the greatly abridged reissue of his Notes: E.I. Stogov. Notes of a gendarmerie staff officer from the era of Nicholas I. / Edition prepared by E.N. Mukhina. M.: Indrik, 2003.
20. Russian antiquity. 1903. No. 7. P. 53-56.
21. Ibid. P. 62.
22. See: Chernykh V.A. Erasmus Stogov and his "Notes" // Social consciousness, bookishness, literature of the period of feudalism. - Novosibirsk, 1990. P. 331-336.
23. Russian antiquity. 1886. No. 10. P. 125-127.
24. Address-calendar... for 1882. St. Petersburg, 1882. Part 1. Column. 427.
25. Kralin M. Younger brother // Star. 1989. No. 6. P. 150. Compare: Guldman V.K. Local land ownership in the Podolsk province. 2nd ed. Kamenets-Podolsky, 1903 (according to the index).
*26. Inna Andreevna Gorenko died on July 15, 1906 in Lipitsa near Tsarskoe Selo. See: New time. No. 10899. July 18 (31), 1906
27. New world. 1986. No. 9. pp. 199-207.
28. Maria was born in 1846, Andrey - 1848, Peter - 1850, Leonid - 1852, Anna - 1854, Mikhail - 1856, Vladimir - 1858, Nadezhda - 1861, Evgenia - 1862. See: RGIA, f. 1343, op. 19, building 3270, l. 3-6.
29. Notebooks of Anna Akhmatova (1958-1966). M.-Torino, 1996. P.81.
*thirty. Additional information about Anton Andreevich Gorenko and his family is contained in the article: Shevchenko S.M., Lyashuk P.M. The Gorenko family in Sevastopol: New data on the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova // Domestic archives. 2003. No. 4. Reprinted in the book: Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. Vol. 3. Simferopol, 2005. P.153-159. In Sevastopol, at the city cemetery, the tombstone of Anton Andreevich Gorenko and his wife Irina Ivanovna has been preserved. up 31. Nikolaevsky Bulletin. 1881. N 6. January 17.
32. GARF, f. 102, III d-vo, no. 537.
33. Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia: Bio-bibliographic dictionary. T. II. Vol. 1. M., 1929. Stlb. 297-298. up 34. Ibid. T. III. Vol. 1. M., 1933. Stlb. 120.
35. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. P. 266.
36. See: Shuvalov R. Father of the poet // Evening Odessa. 1989. June 14. I consider it necessary to inform that the author of the note used the information provided to him by me, without citing the source.
37. Haight A. Anna Akhmatova: A Poetic Journey; Diaries, memoirs, letters of A. Akhmatova. M., 1991. P. 218. up *38. Russian State Administration of the Navy, f. 406, Op. 3. Book. 848. No. 45. S. Shevchenko and P. Lyashuk established that Nikolai Andreevich Gorenko died on December 25, 1885 at the age of 11 (see title of the work, p. 156). We do not have information about the fate of Anton Andreevich Gorenko (junior).
39. Russian State Administration of the Navy, f. 417, op. 4, no. 2775.
40. New world. 1986. No. 9. P. 203.
41. A more lengthy obituary was published in the Odessky Listok newspaper on September 7, 1915. See: Anna Akhmatova. Tens of years. / Comp. R.D. Timenchik and K.M. Polivanov. M., 1989. P. 10-11.
42. Akhmatova A.A. Essays. T. 2. P. 275.
43. Anna Akhmatova. Poems, correspondence, memories, iconography. Ann Arbor, 1977.
44. Anna Akhmatova. Tens of years. S. 8.
45. Ibid. P. 31.
46. ​​Collection in memory of Anna Pavlovna Filosofova. Pg., 1915. T. 1. P. 265.
47. RSL, Czech. 41.18.
48. RSL, f. 218, 1351. 17.
49. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. P. 270.
*50. Recently T.V. Myazdrikova discovered in the Egorov-Alexandrov family archive a photograph of young Inna Erasmovna with a note on the back: “Cousin Inna Erasmovna Zmunchilla,” made by the hand of her cousin, V.K. Alexandrov (son of E.I. Stogov’s sister Anastasia). See: Myazdrikova T.V. About one old photograph: Portrait of Anna Akhmatova’s mother // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. Crimean Akhmatov scientific collection. Vol. 3. Simferopol, 2005. pp. 160-164. Thus, the surname of the mother’s first husband A.A. Akhmatova can be considered confirmed, but his identity has not yet been established.
51. RNL, f. 1073, No. 1794.
52. See: Chukovsky K.I. Collection op. M., 1967. T. 5. P. 729-738; Dobin E.S. Poetry of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1968; Zhirmunsky V.M. The work of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1973.
53. See: Zhirmunsky V.M. The work of Anna Akhmatova. P. 165.
54. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. P. 272.
55. Ibid. P. 281. up
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Gorenko in Sevastopol

I spent every summer near Sevastopol, on the shore of Streletskaya Bay, and there I became friends with the sea. The strongest impression of these years was ancient Chersonesus, near which we lived." This is how Anna Akhmatova recalled her first meetings with our city. As a seven-year-old girl, she first came here to the house of her grandfather Anton Andreevich Gorenko.

IN last years A number of publications have appeared that allow us to learn more about the poet’s connections with Sevastopol.
One of them (V.K. Katina (Evpatoria). Sevastopol possessions of the Gorenko family // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity: Crimean Akhmatova scientific collection. - Issue 4. - Simferopol: Crimean Archive, 2006. - P.214 -217.) posted on the thread "A.L. Berthier-Delagarde": http://forum.sevastopol.info/viewtopic. ...sc&start=0

Shevchenko S.M., Lyashuk P.M.
The Gorenko family in Sevastopol: new data on the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova
Anna Andreevna Gorenko, later the outstanding Russian poetess Anna Akhmatova, in 1896-1916. often visited Sevastopol in the house of her grandfather, Anton Andreevich Gorenko, who lived on Ekaterininskaya Street, 12.
Anton Andreevich is the first representative of the Gorenko family, whose stay in Sevastopol is confirmed by documents. V. Lobytsyn and V. Dyadichev in the article “Three Generations of Gorenko” claim that “his entire life and service were spent” in this city. However, the fact of the birth of Anton Gorenko in Sevastopol on August 7, 1818 is not documented. From 1832 to 1842, Anton Andreevich served as a cabin boy at the Black Sea Artillery School, then as a non-commissioned officer in the 2nd training naval crew, which was stationed in Nikolaev. And only after being promoted to ensign on April 19, 1842 and assigned to the 13th last crew, A. Gorenko arrived in Sevastopol. By decree of the Governing Senate addressed to the Chief of the Main Naval Staff, Prince A.S. Menshikov for No. 4482 at the request of his father, ensign of the Nikolaev Naval Prison Companies Andrey Gorenko, on the basis of Article 25, Article 9 of Volume 9 of the Code of Laws Russian Empire Anton Gorenko has already received hereditary nobility, although he was born into the family of a “non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger Regiment.” This happened on March 22, 1840. As a rule, until June 11, 1845, only children born after their father received his first officer rank received hereditary nobility, and the rest were enrolled in the special class of “chief officer children.” However, if the officer did not have any male children born after receiving his officer rank, he had the opportunity to transfer the right of hereditary nobility to any of the sons born before that. This is what happened to Anton Gorenko. Thus, the information provided by V.A. Chernykh in the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova about A. A. Gorenko receiving hereditary nobility in 1858, after being awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree for 25 years of service in the chief officer ranks, is incorrect.
Recent research conducted on the basis of documents from the State Archives of Sevastopol allows us to introduce new information about the history of the Gorenko family into scientific circulation.
On November 8, 1844, in the Admiralty Cathedral of Sevastopol, ensign of the 13th last crew, Anton Andreevich Gorenko, was married to the girl Irina Ivanovna Voronina, daughter of the ensign of the 2nd military workers' prison battalion. The bride and groom indicated that they were 26 years old, both Orthodox, and were married for the first time. A year and a half later, on June 21, 1846, the first child was born in the Gorenko family - daughter Maria. Her godfather On June 24, 1846, Vasily Stepanovich Kharichkov became lieutenant colonel.
The second child in the family and the eldest of five sons, Andrei, was born on January 13, 1848 in Sevastopol. The successor of the future father of Anna Andreevna Gorenko in the metric book of the Admiralty Cathedral on January 25, 1848, was recorded as the commander of the 13th fin crew, Colonel B.C. Kharichkov. In the same cathedral on January 29, 1850, Pyotr Gorenko, born on January 16 of the same year, was baptized.
Before the start of the first defense of the city, a son, Leonid, and a daughter, Anna, were born on February 2, 1852, in the family of second lieutenant Anton Andreevich Gorenko. They were baptized in the Peter and Paul Church of the Naval Hospital in Sevastopol.
After the landing of the allied troops in Crimea from September 13, 1854 to June 18, 1855, second lieutenant of the 4th fin crew of the Black Sea Fleet (since 1851) A. Gorenko was in the garrison of besieged Sevastopol. From Anton Andreevich’s service record it is known that he was not “wounded or captured by the enemy.” “He was in actual battle on October 5, 1854 at the Nikolaev battery (the area of ​​​​the modern Primorsky Boulevard and water station) when repelling the united enemy fleet against the Sevastopol coastal fortifications and on October 24, 1854 in enhanced reconnaissance against enemy fortifications on the Inkerman Heights (in the Battle of Inkerman )". What position Second Lieutenant Gorenko performed in Sevastopol has not yet been established. Last crews belonged to non-combatant teams and were used in the city garrison to deliver cargo on last ships, restore fortifications, transport the wounded, etc. For his contribution to the defense of the city, Anton Andreevich was “most graciously awarded on the 13th day of April 1855 the Order of St. Anne, 3rd degree with bow and swords as a reward for excellent bravery and courage.”
On June 17, 185 5, a “land transport” set out from Sevastopol to Nikolaev with wounded lower ranks of the Naval Department “in the amount of 247 ranks with the naval medic Dovgyalo and the guard of the 4th last crew, Second Lieutenant Gorenko.” According to official information, “there were no deaths along the way; left in different places due to weakness of strength 18 patients. Arrived in Nikolaev on June 28.”
Until the end of the defense of Sevastopol, Gorenko did not return to the city. It can be assumed that Anton Andreevich’s family was also in Nikolaev at that time. Until the end of 1861, he served in Nikolaev, first as “senior adjutant on the headquarters of the chief of the division of the Black Sea Fleet (1857-1859), and then as senior adjutant on the headquarters of the chief of the division of the Black Sea naval crews (1860).” At the end of 1860, lieutenant of fin crews Anton Gorenko was appointed caretaker of the Sevastopol naval hospital, and he returned to Sevastopol again, this time for good.
At the beginning of 1864, staff captain Anton Gorenko submitted a petition to Emperor Alexander II to include him and his family in the genealogical book of the Tauride province. After consideration of the petition, by Decrees of the Governing Senate for the Department of Heraldry No. 2869 of May 12, 1864 and No. 3326 of September 15, 1865, Anton Andreevich, his wife Irina Ivanovna, as well as sons Andrei, Peter, Leonid, Mikhail and Vladimir were approved as hereditary nobles Simferopol district of the Tauride province and included in the 2nd part of the genealogical book. This gave some privileges for children, primarily when placing them in certain educational institutions and during further professional activities.
A. Gorenko held the position of caretaker of the Sevastopol Marine Hospital until 1873. Then he was appointed caretaker of state lands and gardens of the Sevastopol port. “Dismissed from service” A.A. Gorenko in April 1887 “with uniform and pension” as a colonel in the Admiralty.
It is not yet possible to confirm the fact of the death of Colonel Anton Gorenko on April 26, 1891, indicated in the epitaph on the gravestone of Gorenko’s family crypt in the city cemetery. In the State Archives of Sevastopol for 1891, not all registry books of all Sevastopol churches were preserved.
Portrait of Second Lieutenant A.A. Gorenko as a participant in the first defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. mentioned under number 982 in the “Historical Catalog of the Museum of Sevastopol Defense”.
Let us turn to the fate of other members of the Gorenko family.
Anton Andreevich's wife is Irina Ivanovna (b. 1818). She died on January 4, 1898, about which her daughter, Maria Antonovna, informed her relatives and friends “with spiritual sorrow” in the newspaper “Krymsky Vestnik” on January 6, 1898. Confirmation of the fact of death was not found in the metric books of Sevastopol churches.
In the State Archive of the city of Sevastopol, materials about Maria Antonovna (b. June 21, 1846), Andrei Antonovich (b. January 13, 1848) and Anna Antonovna Gorenko (b. February 6, 1854) could not be identified.
However, it is known that the marriage of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko with Anna Akhmatova’s mother, Inna Erasmovna, was his second marriage. Andrei Gorenko was “married for the first time to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasiliev - the maiden Maria” and had “sons - Nikolai, born on May 17, 1875, and Anton, born on January 7, 1878,” about whose fate Akhmatova’s biographers knew nothing . This looks somewhat strange, since in 1910 V.I. Chernopyatov published an epitaph that he copied at the Sevastopol city Orthodox cemetery: “The son of Lieutenant Gorenko Nikolai, died on December 25, 1885 at the age of 11.”
It is known that the third child, Pyotr Andreevich Gorenko (b. January 16, 1850), studied at the Simferopol gymnasium in 1864. He died on February 13, 1894 in Sevastopol with the rank of titular councilor at the age of 44 from “pulmonary consumption.” The funeral service took place on February 14 in the Church of All Saints, burial - in the city cemetery (possibly in the family crypt).
Leonid Antonovich Gorenko (2.2.1852 - 7.1.1891) was buried in a crypt at the Sevastopol city cemetery with his father and mother. The date of death is taken from the gravestone.
Vladimir Antonovich Gorenko was born on June 3, 1858, presumably in Nikolaev. In the “Memorable Book of the Odessa Educational District for 1881” it is mentioned “as a 12th grade mathematics teacher at the Evpatoria Gymnasium with a salary of 349 rubles per year. An Orthodox Christian who received a home education, he was in office from September 21, 1879, in service from September 2, 1879.” In 1891, Vladimir Antonovich had the rank of titular councilor.
His son Konstantin, who died at the age of 4, is buried at the Sevastopol city cemetery. The epitaph from the tombstone was also published by V.I. Chernopyatov: “Infant Konstantin Gorenko, died March 25, 1891.”
Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko (b. January 23, 1861). In the “Address-calendar of the Sevastopol city government for 1911” it is indicated that Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko, the daughter of a colonel, lived at Malaya Morskaya, 45 (now Volodarsky Street). One of the leaders of the Sevastopol organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, S.A. Nikonov, in his memoirs, wrote: “Now I’ll move on to the native Sevastopol residents who took part in our organization, in addition to the youth from Melnikov’s circle, we also had numerous assistants from Sevastopol residents. Of them all, the teacher stood out the most primary school Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko is from a family of Sevastopol old-timers... Nadezhda Antonovna belonged to the type of very modest, but extremely useful employees, ready to carry out any assignment. In addition to revolutionary activities, she had long been involved in local cultural work, mainly in terms of education (library, Sunday School etc.) and conducted individual revolutionary propaganda among the workers. She died in 1921 or 1922.”
Evgenia Antonovna Gorenko (b. 12/18/1862) married Anatoly Maximilianovich Arnold, a student at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, later an official in the office of the Sevastopol mayor, a member of the city government. In 1882, Evgenia Antonovna was subjected to secret surveillance due to the discovery of her correspondence with NA. Zhelvakov (who was shot on March 18, 1882 in Odessa by the verdict of “Narodnaya Volya” military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov and executed together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie department, meetings of the Youth Union of the Narodnaya Volya party took place. The case was dismissed on October 30, 1887 due to the failure to find factual evidence for the accusation. In 1887, Evgenia Antonovna received a medical education with the title of female doctor. She worked as a practicing doctor under the Sevastopol city administration. In the 1920s lived with her husband at st. K. Marksa, 44/46 (currently Bolshaya Morskaya Street). She died on March 15, 1926 from pneumonia and was buried in the city cemetery, as indicated in the death record. This fact clarifies the date of death of E.A. Gorenko, indicated by V.A. Chernykh (1927).
The identified documents make it possible to believe and hope that the archives still hold many secrets, the disclosure of which will eventually eliminate the “blank spots” in the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova.

1 Lobytsyn V., Dyadichev V. Three generations of Gorenko // Marine collection. - 1995. - No. 3. - P. 88.
2 Memorial book of the Maritime Department for 1853 - St. Petersburg, 1853. - P. 31.
3 BlackVA. Pedigree A.A. Akhmatova // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. - Simferopol,
2001.-S. 5.
4 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, d. 6887, l.1.
5 Volkov SV. Russian officer corps. - M.: Voenizdat, 193. - P. 29.
6 Chernykh V A. Decree. op. - P. 13.
7 GAGS, f. 23, op. 1, d. 39, l. 131 rev.
8 Ibid., no. 46, l. 65 rev.
9 Ibid., no. 52, l. 10 rev.
10 Ibid., no. 57, l. 9 rev.
11 Ibid., f. 11, op. 1, d. 34, l. 5 rev.
12 Ibid., no. 37, l. 5 rev.
13 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, no. 6887, l. 5-8.
14 Marine collection. - 1855. - L» 5 (P). - Section I. - P. XLVII.
15 Marine collection. - 1855. - No. 8 (P). - Department P. - P. 471.
16 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, no. 6887, l. 5-8.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid., no. 6846, l. 4-5; d. 6849, l. 53.
19 Lobytsyn V., Dyadichee V. Decree. op. - P. 88.
20 Personal inspection by the authors of the Sevastopol city cemetery.
21 Historical catalog of the Museum of Sevastopol Defense. - Pg., 1914. - P. 112.
22 Crimean Bulletin - 1898 - January 6

23 BlackVA. Op. op. -WITH. 17.
24 Chernopyatov V.I. Necropolis of the Crimean Peninsula. - M., 1910.-P.105.
25 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, no. 6887, l. 8.
26 GAGS, f. 30, op. 1, d. 29, l. 198 rev. - 199.
27 Memorial book for the Odessa educational district for 181 years. - Odessa, 1881. - P. 597.
28 GAGS, f. 30, op. 1, d. 24, l. 135 rev.
29 Ibid.
30 Chernopyatov V.I. Decree. op. - P. 105.
31 Address-calendar of the Sevastopol city administration for 1911. - Sevastopol, 1911. - P. 199.
32 Nikonov S. A. My memories. - MGOOS. - K - 10009/3. - pp. 75-76.
33 Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia (biobiliographic dictionary). - M, 1933. - T. 3 _
Vol. (A-B).-C. 120.
34 GAGS, f. R-608, op. 1.D.64, l. 176.

Published: Domestic archives. - 2001. - No. 3; Genealogical bulletin. - 2003. - No. 14; Sevastopol: a look into the past: Collection scientific articles employees of the State Archives of Sevastopol. - Sevastopol, 2006. - P.302-306
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