The monastery was founded in 1600 by Tsar Boris Godunov. The first mention in historical documents dates back to 1635. The name “Zaikonospassky” is explained by its location behind the icon row, located along Nikolsky Street. Since 1665, a school was established in the monastery, headed by Simeon of Polotsk. The school trained officials for government agencies. In 1685, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was opened in the premises of the monastery, headed by the brothers Ioannikis and Sophronius Likhud, famous in Russian history. Many Church leaders, scientists, and writers came out of the academy. In 1814, the academy was transformed into the Theological Academy and transferred to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, and the Theological School remained in the monastery.
The main temple of the monastery - Spassky Cathedral - was built in 1660 by order of Emperor Alexei Mikhailovich Prince. F.F. Volkonsky. Consecrated in 1661, November 20. Now existing cathedral arose from this building. Exact date its construction is unknown (presumably dates back to 1711-1720; the bypass gallery on columns dates back to the second quarter of the 18th century). Belongs to the monuments of the circle of I.P. Zarudny (in details there is a similarity with such structures as the Menshikov Tower and the Church of St. John the Warrior on Yakimanka). This is a tiered, cross-shaped temple of the octagon-on-quadrangle type, in the decoration of which the main role is given to elements of the classical pilaster order. In 1737, the temple was severely damaged by fire, but was restored under Elizabeth Petrovna and consecrated in 1742.
In 1812, the entire monastery complex was badly damaged during the invasion and atrocities of the French army. The temple was renovated in 1851. At the top there was a side church in honor of the icon Mother of God Joy to all who mourn. This church is the same as the main one. Its walls are richly painted inside with images of the events of the Old and New Testaments, behind the left choir is a church pulpit in the form of a “pillar”, the icons are richly decorated. The entrance to the lower cathedral church in honor of the All-Merciful Savior comes from the monastery courtyard. The first impression upon entering the temple is its extraordinary darkness, the almost complete absence of daylight due to the fact that this low temple is surrounded on three sides by high two-story and three-story monastery buildings. The temple is supported by four stone pillars.
In 1920 the temple became the center of the renovationist “Union of Church Revival”, and in 1929 it was closed. The temple building housed various government agencies. In the 1960s the building of the closed cathedral was restored. Upper tier rebuilt - lucarnes were made in the roof, decorative fencing was installed on the 3rd and 4th tiers, etc. Instead of a cross, a gilded pin was erected.
The temple was returned to the Church in 1992. Divine services resumed in July 1992. The temple has the status of a patriarchal metochion. Bell towers b. are assigned to the temple. Zaikonospassky and b. St. Nicholas-Greek Monastery (1902, architect G.A. Kaiser). On March 5, 2010, the Holy Synod decided to open the Zaikonospassky stavropegic monastery in the city of Moscow, separating it from the Patriarchal metochion of the former Zaikonospassky and Nikolsky monasteries in Kitai-gorod, Moscow.
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Zaikonospassky Monastery founded in 1600 under Tsar Boris Godunov. It was usually called “The Savior in the Old Place”, “The Old Savior on the Sands” or “The Spassky Monastery, which is behind the row of icons”.
According to information from 1610, 1626 and 1629, the monastery had two churches, a stone one and a wooden one. Around 1660, the monastery was damaged by fire, and on the promise of Prince F.F. Volkonsky, a two-story temple was built, consecrated on November 20, 1661.
Around 1701, Abbot Palladius (Rogovsky) established a indoor gallery. During the fire of 1737, the upper church was greatly damaged. The restoration was accompanied by some alteration, as a result of which the appearance of the church lost its 17th-century character. The consecration took place on July 15, 1742, and, at the request of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, the upper throne was renamed in honor of All Who Sorrow Joy. The lower temple is called Spasa Image Not Made by Hands. The last significant renovation, mainly internally, dates back to 1851.
The current bell tower on the site of the previous one built in 1743 was built in the 20th century. designed by architect Z.I. Ivanova; it represents some imitation of the bell tower of the Assumption Church of 1696 on Pokrovka. The monastery is called stauropegial, which means direct dependence on the Holy Synod, the same as the Simonov, Novospassky and Donskoy monasteries.
Historically, the Zaikonospassky Monastery is important because since 1686 it has housed the Academy, which merged all the former higher schools: Chudovskoe, Andreevskoe, Epiphany and Typographical. This academy was Hellenic-Slavic until 1700, Slavic-Latin until 1775, and Slavic-Greek-Latin until 1814. Since 1814 there has been no higher theological educational institution in Moscow. The memory of the sermons delivered by the mentors and students of the Academy was preserved in the Sorrow Church in the form of a special pulpit at the left choir, shaped like a gilded pillar.
"Index of churches and chapels in Kitay-Gorod." Moscow, “Russian Printing House”, Bolshaya Sadovaya, No. 14, 1916
Zaikonospassky Monastery (address: Nikolskaya St., 7/9) is located in Moscow. This monastery has a special status; it was the one that received the title of patriarchal metochion. The age of the monastery is quite respectable, because it is about 4 centuries old. Surprisingly, the monks managed to preserve all the buildings from the beginning of the last century. That is why the general ensemble of the monastery is considered not only a historical monument, but also an architectural one. After all, architecture is truly unique and special. However, other monasteries in Moscow are also famous for this.
Early history of the Zaikonospassky Monastery
At its foundation, surprisingly, the monastery bore a different name, namely, the Most Merciful Savior. The monastery was founded by Boris Godunov. Scientists have investigated the age of the monastery, and the first mention has a date of 1635. But the monks themselves claim that the monastery was founded in 1600. The history of the renaming of the monastery is a little strange, but some claim that the monastery was located behind the shopping arcades where church utensils were sold. Based on this, the monastery received the name Zaikonospassky Monastery.
During the first years of its existence, the monastery did not have much authority. Many people didn’t even know about him. But over time, his grace spread more and more to people, so more and more parishioners began to come here. And soon the Zaikonospassky Monastery in Moscow became the symbolic center of Orthodoxy.
Cradle of Russian education
In the 17th century, Simeon of Polotsk founded a school at the monastery, it was called the school of clerks of the order of Secret Affairs. And over time, namely in 1687, the foundation of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was laid here. It was this institution that was the first high-level educational center on the territory of Great Russia. It was thanks to this academy that the world saw an innumerable number of exceptionally talented people. For example, graduates of the academy are the scientist V. Lomonosov, the poet V. Trediakovsky, the founder of the Russian theater F. Volkov and many others, this list can be continued for quite a long time.
After the opening of another higher institution in the city, namely Moscow University, it was decided that the academy should narrow its profile, and now exclusively theological teaching was taught here. Within the walls of the institution, people were trained who would subsequently receive a clergy title. IN early XIX century, the academy was moved to the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, and already bore the name of the Moscow Theological Academy. But on the basis of the monastery a wonderful theological school was opened.
Architecture
If we take into account information from documents of the 20-50s. XVII century, on the territory modern monastery there was a small stone church. It is most obvious that this was the same cathedral of the Zaikonospassky Monastery. There was also another church on the territory, which was made of wood.
Construction of a new cathedral
A new cathedral made of stone was erected in 1660. Funds for construction were provided by boyar Volkonsky, who paid all expenses in full. Thus, soon after construction the temple was consecrated. The consecration of the upper temple was carried out in honor of Image miraculously Savior, but it was decided to consecrate the lower church in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow.” It was not so difficult to find out the construction date, because this was taken care of in advance. One of the laid stones indicates the date; on it you can make out the following inscription: “On the 30th day of the summer of April 7168, the construction of the Church of the All-Merciful Savior of the Image Not Made by Hands began at the command of... the king... Alexy Mikhailovich... built according to his promise by the boyar prince Feodor Feodorovich Volkonskaya, and was committed on the 20th day of November 7169.” In 1701, an unfortunate event occurred on the territory of the temple: a fire occurred, during which the temple was damaged. But soon everything was restored, and even a refectory was erected, where parishioners were received and fed everything that God had sent.
In 1709, construction of a new temple began. This is evidenced by some historical documents. In one of them, a report was found to Tsar Peter I that construction was still underway, there were not enough materials, so there was no completion date yet. Another denunciation was also found, which said that the temple had to take out a large loan to continue construction.
Completion of construction
About a year later, the construction was completed, which brought great joy and happiness to the believers. The temple turned out to be incredibly beautiful, very bright and spacious. In 1721, its appearance was taken as an architectural template for the construction of other temples. In 1737, the cathedral again suffered an unpleasant event: it was that year that a large-scale fire occurred in Moscow, during which the monastery was also damaged. After the fire, active restoration of the temple began under the leadership of architect Michurin. The work lasted for more than one year. At the end, the temple was consecrated again.
Variety of styles
The Orthodox Stavropegic Monastery can be called a classic example of Peter the Great's architecture; this style was very popular in those days, and most buildings were built this way. At the same time, other styles were reunited in the temple, and there is a great variety of them. But despite such inconsistency, everything surprisingly looks organic and attracts the attention of not only parishioners, but also tourists.
Riddles and secrets
On this moment Historical research of the temple is still underway. Many scientists cannot come to a consensus on who was the architect of the temple. Many argue that it was one of the famous Russian architects Zarudny. This statement has not received a documentary-historical basis, therefore this version of scientists cannot be accepted as official. Until 1773, the Zaikonospassky Monastery had quite rare icons and utensils; it was this decoration that was the work of Theodore Tiron, but, unfortunately, all this splendor burned down during the Moscow fire, and only historical information has survived to our times.
Interior decoration
You can also learn a lot of interesting things from the description of 1781. Thus, in the lower church there was an incredibly beautiful gilded iconostasis, which was preserved until the twentieth century. The space of the temple was flooded with sunlight, and there were choirs along three walls. Today, the location of the choirs has been moved. An incredible amount of work and talent was invested in the upper temple; the walls were completely painted with scenes. A huge amount of light penetrated here, thanks to which all the images seemed to come to life and also rejoice in the sun. But in evening time in the light of the candles the faces seemed more stern.
At the end of the 17th century, some changes took place in the temple. The Spasskaya Church houses a magnificent stone iconostasis. The royal doors, made of wood, were covered in places with gilding to emphasize the majesty of the icons. But for the icon “Savior Not Made by Hands” a stunning silver crown was made.
In 1812, an outrageous event occurred. During Napoleon's invasion, the temple was again desecrated and looted. The French soldiers set up a stable in the church and settled their tailors in the cells. The joy of the invaders was short-lived. However, it was possible to renovate the temple only in 1851. The cathedral was completely restored, and services began here again.
Lost Wealth
By studying the descriptions of the early twentieth century, you can find out what was in the temple great amount miraculous icons that were in the silver sacristy. Few monasteries in Moscow could boast of such wealth. Nativity and many other beautiful scenes are depicted near the walls of the altar. The master tried so hard that all the images look alive. The temple also houses a huge number of relics of saints, which are famous for their miraculous effects. Unfortunately, all this spiritual wealth was completely lost by the beginning of 2008.
Grandiose restructuring
In 1665, by decree of Tsar Peter I, the temple was given additional land for the construction of the collegium building. A 3-story stone structure was erected. But in 1819, at the suggestion of one architect, the building was completely dismantled, leaving only the foundation. According to the design of the same architect, a new building in the Empire style was erected in subsequent years. On the north side of the college there is a fraternal building with cells. Additionally, cells were built for students who began their spiritual journey here and completely devoted themselves to studying and serving the Lord.
In 1743, the bell tower was also rebuilt and made more spacious. Therefore, the ringing was heard over even greater distances. In subsequent years, under Elizabeth's reign and at her behest, some buildings were demolished because she felt that the monastery took up too much space on the street. But to replace those dismantled, other buildings were built, of course, smaller in size, but they were necessary. In subsequent years, the bell tower and courtyard of the Zaikonospassky Monastery were rebuilt again.
Monuments of church antiquities
During numerous disasters and reconstructions, many valuables were damaged or lost for various reasons. Thus, during the Moscow fire, the sacristy of the monastery suffered the most, but that was not the end. After restoration, as is already known, the temple was captured by the French, which again brought enormous harm and destruction.
In 1813, Archimandrite Simeon carried out a reconciliation of the temple’s property, during which it turned out that there were not a huge number of icons, jewelry and silver crosses. Among these crosses there was one unique one, it contained 420 particles of the relics of various saints, and there was also a pendant with particles of the Lord’s robe. Thus, a huge number of unique things that simply have no analogues disappeared from the temple. All these things were sold or simply destroyed. Today, perhaps, something remains, but it is in private collections and, probably, will not return to the monastery. But still some things were saved.
The monks are trying to maintain the building so that it can live for many more centuries and amaze new generations with its beauty and majesty, and the walls of the academy can once again produce unique people devoted to their spiritual calling. From the first steps you can feel a special energy within these walls. The temple has had its share of many trials, but to this day it operates. The service in the Zaikonospassky Monastery ascends from heaven every day, and it will continue to do so for centuries to come.
Zaikonospassky Monastery is located in the center of Moscow on Nikolskaya Street. In the old days it was called “Sacred” because of the abundance of churches and monasteries and the special Icon shopping row that existed there. Nikolskaya Street was named after the ancient Nikolsky Monastery, founded in the 14th century. In the 16th century, by decree of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, they settled Athonite monks. It is believed that there was a Spasskaya Church on the territory of the monastery, which in 1600 became an independent monastery - Boris Godunov is considered its founder. Since part of the monastery land ended up behind the Icon Row, the name Zaikonospassky appeared.
Initially, the monastery had two churches - a stone one and a wooden one. In 1660, by order of the highest order, a new stone cathedral was laid in the monastery, the funds for which were pledged by boyar Fyodor Volkonsky. The cathedral was consecrated in November 1661.
A new stage in the history of the monastery began in the 30s of the 17th century. By this time, the capital was already acutely aware of the need for competent specialists for the needs of the Printing House, corrections and translations church books, for the training of government officials; it was also necessary to increase the educational level of the Russian clergy.
Under the first abbot of the Zaikonospasskaya monastery, Macarius (1630s), a national school was opened here. In it, under the leadership of Arseny the Greek, for the first time in Russia they began to study Latin and Greek. By the middle of the 17th century, a special building for a “school for grammatical teaching” was being built in the monastery, and the epithet “educational” was added to the name of the monastery. Specially invited educated Kyiv monks who made up the learned brotherhood come here from the Moscow St. Andrew's Monastery.
Since 1665, a school (headed by Simeon of Polotsk) operated in the Zaikonospassky Monastery, which trained officials for government agencies. Finally, in 1687, the first Russian all-class higher educational institution, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, moved into the monastery, headed by Greek scholar-monks, brothers Ioannikis and Sophronius Likhud. The Academy existed within the walls of the monastery until 1814. Among its graduates are many prominent figures of the Church, scientists and writers. The academy also trained educated priests.
In 1701, a new double-altar cathedral was built in the monastery, which became one of the best monuments of Peter the Great's Baroque. It was erected by the talented architect Ivan Zarudny, who built the Menshikov Tower and the Church of St. John the Warrior on Bolshaya Yakimanka in Moscow. Then the Spassky Cathedral acquired its modern look: high octagon on quadruple, gulbischa with observation decks, strict order decorative elements.
The architectural ensemble of the monastery took shape until the beginning of the twentieth century. The Spassky Cathedral was badly damaged during the fire of 1737 and was, by personal order of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, restored by I.F. Michurin. The upper church was consecrated in 1742 in honor of the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow.” The next year, a bell tower appeared above the Holy Gates. A century later, in 1851, the dome of the cathedral was crowned with an elegant onion-shaped dome-rotunda.
The cathedral kept a list with miraculous Vladimir icon Our Lady in a Golden Robe, donated by Count N.P. Sheremetev. On the feast of the Vladimir Icon on May 21/June 3, a religious procession was held here from the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin in memory of the deliverance of Moscow from the invasion of the Crimean Khan Makhmet-Girey in 1521.
Outstanding church figures emerged from the walls of the Zaikonospasskaya monastery. One of them is Augustine (Vinogradsky), Archbishop of Moscow and Kolomna - rector of the academy and abbot of the monastery in 1801–1804. He was called “Chrysostom of the twelfth year” for his patriotic sermons during Napoleon’s invasion. He also compiled special prayer“there is an adversary in the invasion,” which sounded in churches during the Liturgy and at the prayer service on the Borodino field before the battle; Vladyka supervised the removal of Moscow shrines to Vologda, at the hour of the Battle of Borodino with miraculous icons walked around procession around the walls of Moscow.
During the War of 1812, the monastery was severely destroyed. Soon it was decided to transform the first Russian university into the Moscow Theological Academy and transfer it to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.
For some time, the Zaikonospassky Monastery housed the Moscow Theological Seminary, and since 1834, the Moscow Theological Zaikonospassky School, where the holy righteous Alexy of Moscow (Archpriest Alexy Mechev) studied. A considerable number of graduates of the school are now canonized as holy new martyrs and confessors of Russia.
With coming Soviet power The monastery cathedral was captured by renovationists for several years. In 1929, the monastery was closed and housed various government agencies. In the 1960s, the cathedral building was restored.
The Cathedral of the Savior Not Made by Hands was returned to the Church in 1992 and received the status of the Patriarchal Metochion. In February 1993, the Russian Orthodox University opened in the monastery, but due to the disrepair of the cathedral and lack of premises, it was moved to the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery.
March 5, 2010 at a meeting Holy Synod a decision was made: “To bless the opening of the Zaikonospassky stauropegial monastery in Moscow, separating it from the Patriarchal metochion of the former Zaikonospassky and Nikolsky monasteries in Kitai-Gorod.” Abbot Peter (Afanasyev) was appointed abbot of the monastery. A talented musician, regent, founder of the male chamber choir “Blagozvonnitsa”, Abbot Peter, having taken monastic vows, looked after, in addition to his monastery, two sister communities, from which the stauropegial communities subsequently grew nunneries in Akatov and Shostya.
The Zaikonospassky Moscow Monastery is not only active today, it has been granted the status of the Patriarchal Metochion. It is located in Kitay-Gorod on Nikolskaya Street and dates back more than four centuries. Almost all of the monastery buildings that existed at the beginning of the last century have been preserved and today are recognized as historical and architectural monuments.
Cradle of Russian education
The monastery, which was initially called the Monastery of the Most Merciful Savior on the St. Nicholas Cross behind the Icon Row, was founded by Tsar Boris Godunov himself. And although the monastery was first mentioned in documents only in 1635, the date of its foundation is considered to be 1600. And the notorious clarification about the location of the monastery behind the rows in which they sold folding objects and icons served to transform the name of the church institution into the Zaikonospassky Monastery.
In the mid-60s of the 17th century, Simeon of Polotsk established a school for clerks of the Order of Secret Affairs in the monastery, and already in 1687 the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy settled here. It is considered the first higher educational institution in Great Russia. The academy's graduates included the great Russian scientist M. Lomonosov, Kamchatka explorer S. Krasheninnikov, architect V. Bazhenov, poet V. Trediakovsky, and founder of the Russian theater F. Volkov.
With the opening of Moscow University, the Academy was transformed exclusively into a theological educational institution that trained clergy. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was renamed, began to be called the Moscow Theological Academy and was relocated to the walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, and a theological school was opened in the Zaikonospassky Monastery.
Architectural masterpieces of the monastery
The architectural ensemble of the Zaikonospasskaya monastery consists of several remarkable monuments: the Spassky Cathedral, the Brotherhood or Teachers' Building, and the building of the Theological School.
Back in the reign of Alexei the Quiet in 1660, a foundation was founded in the monastery stone temple. It was built with funds donated by the governor, Prince F. Volkonsky. The structure had two altars: the first high altar consecrated in the name of the icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands, the second - in the name of the icon of the Mother of God. In the first half of the 18th century, the monastery and cathedral were twice subjected to the destructive fire of fires, after which they were rebuilt.
The temple was especially damaged in the raging fire of 1737. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, having arrived at the Mother See for the coronation, personally ordered the restoration of the temple. This work was excellently performed by the architect I. Michurin, who managed to revive the temple without significant changes in its architectural appearance. The monastery was also severely devastated by the invasion of Napoleonic troops.
Stables were built in the temple, and tailors were located in the cells to repair officer uniforms.
In 1851, during regular renovations, the dome of the cathedral was decorated with an exquisite rotunda with an onion dome. In the middle of the last century, restoration of the cathedral facades was carried out.
Directly opposite the gate is the old fraternal building. This two-story building was built in 1686. Almost 200 years later, under the leadership of the architect V. Sher, a third floor was built over it and the general design of the facade was completed. Somewhat to the left of it is a two-story building, which was built in 1720 by the architect Zarudny.
The building of the religious school was erected according to the design of the architect Beauvais in 1822. There is a memorial plaque on it with the name of M. Lomonosov, who mastered various sciences at the Academy, engraved.
In 1929, the monastery was closed; even earlier, the gate bell tower was dismantled. For decades, various organizations and institutions were located on the territory of the monastery. Despite the fact that in 2010 it was decided to reopen the monastery, many of the premises are still occupied by non-church organizations.
Address: Russia, Moscow, st. Nikolskaya
Date of foundation: 15th century
Main attractions: Spassky Cathedral, bell tower
Coordinates: 55°45"23.4"N 37°37"14.9"E
Located in Kitai-gorod, the Zaikonospasskaya men's monastery dates back to the beginning of the 17th century. It went down in history as a “teacher’s” monastery, because it was here that an educational school was created, headed by the spiritual writer, translator and theologian Simeon of Polotsk. Many ancient buildings have been preserved on the territory of the monastery, and today they have the status of architectural monuments.
View of the Zaikonospassky Monastery from Revolution Square
History of the monastery
The monastery was founded in 1600 by the will of Tsar Boris Godunov. This is evidenced by detailed map ancient Moscow, called the Sigismund plan. Some researchers believe that the monastery was built on the site ancient monastery St. Nicholas the Old, which dates back to the 14th century.
Documentary evidence about the monastery churches and the way of life of the Zaikonospasskaya monastery appeared later. The first records are found in documents compiled by the Patriarchal Prikaz in 1635. The name of the monastery arose because in the old days there was a row of icons on a nearby street. These were shops where Muscovites could buy icons, icon cases, incense and oil for lamps, and people talked about the new monastery based on its location - “Savior behind the icon row.”
At first, the men's monastery was wooden and looked very modest. During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, with the money of the famous governor and diplomat Fyodor Fedorovich Volkonsky, a large stone Spassky Cathedral was erected in the monastery. The throne of its lower floor was dedicated to the revered icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands, and the upper part of the temple was dedicated to the icon of the Mother of God.
In 1764, during church reform, which was carried out by the Russian Empress Catherine II, many monasteries in Moscow lost part of their possessions. After secularization, Zaikonospassky received the status of a second-class monastery.
The war with the French did not spare the monastery buildings. In 1812, stables were built in the monastery church, and the cells were occupied by French tailors who repaired uniforms for Napoleon's officers.
Due to severe fires and destruction, the monastery was rebuilt several times. Invaluable contribution to the update architectural ensemble The monastery was built by famous architects Ivan Petrovich Zaprudny, Ivan Fedorovich Michurin, Mikhail Timofeevich Preobrazhensky and Zinovy Ivanovich Ivanov.
With coming new government Persecution of the church began throughout the country, and the monastery cathedral was closed. In 1922, the monastery became one of the centers of the renovation movement in Orthodoxy. However, the anti-religious campaign gained momentum. In 1929 ancient monastery was finally liquidated, and the gate bell tower was dismantled. The good-quality buildings were not empty - for several decades various institutions were located inside the monastery buildings.
View of the Zaikonospassky Monastery from Nikolskaya Street
The first church services in the ancient cathedral church were resumed in the early 1990s. An Orthodox university was opened in the building, but it was in disrepair, so soon the students were forced to move to the Vysoko-Petrovskaya monastery. For a long time, the reviving monastery was considered a patriarchal metochion, but in 2010 a decision was made to form an independent monastic community here.
The cradle of national enlightenment
In 1665, the abbot of the monastery, Archimandrite Dionysius, died and was replaced by a graduate of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy and an educated theologian, Simeon of Polotsk, who came to Moscow. Under his leadership, a school was organized in the monastery for minor officials - young clerks who were to serve in the Russian Order of Secret Affairs.
After 15 years, instead of Polotsk, his student, the poet and philosopher Sylvester Medvedev, became the abbot of the monastery. He prepared and handed over to the Russian Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich a project for a new educational institution for the country - the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. However, due to the death of the sovereign, this project was not implemented immediately.
The first higher educational institution in Russia was founded in 1687, when famous Greek theologians, the Likhud brothers, moved to Moscow. At first it was called the Greek or Spassky schools, and later the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Rhetoric, literature, grammar, logic, physics, Latin and Greek languages. The training was designed for 12 years.
Many prominent people studied within the walls of the monastery church leaders, domestic writers and scientists. Suffice it to say that the famous academy graduated from Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, geographer and explorer of Kamchatka Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov, architect Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov, founder of the Russian professional theater Fyodor Grigorievich Volkov and poet Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
It is noteworthy that the abbots of the Zaikonospassky Monastery served as the rector of the educational institution, and the monastery churches were used by the academy. They served as a house church for students and were a place where future clerks trained in theological rhetoric.
The monastery occupied a special place in the education of Russia, and its role decreased only after the creation of Moscow University. At the beginning of the 19th century, the academy moved to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, and the theological school continued to operate in the same place. Gradually educational process the monastery was changed, and students began to receive only theological education.
Cathedrals of the monastery
Architectural monuments
From the ancient ensemble of the monastery to ours, the cathedral, apartment building with a bell tower and shopping arcades have been preserved. In addition, on the territory of the monastery you can see the fraternal building and the building that formerly housed the theological school.
The cathedral church stands in the middle of the monastery courtyard and is the main decoration of the monastery. The picturesque Baroque church was rebuilt several times, retaining parts of the old cathedral from 1661 to this day. It acquired its modern appearance in the 20s of the 18th century.
The cathedral is a tiered four-pillar temple - an octagon on a quadrangle, which is crowned by an elongated octagon with a neat decorative dome. The building is surrounded by two-story cells. Above the entrance to the church you can see a mosaic image of the Savior shimmering in gold, and inside there are beautiful paintings and richly decorated icons.
Opposite the gate stands the fraternal or teachers' building. The two-story brick building was built in 1686, and 200 years later, the architect Vladimir Dmitrievich Sher erected another floor above it and designed the facades. Nearby stands a two-story building built in the 20s of the 18th century.
The building of the religious school is even younger - it appeared in the monastery in 1822. On the brick building there is a memorial plaque dedicated to one of the outstanding students of the academy - M.V. Lomonosov, who had the opportunity to master the basics of various sciences here.
Monastery today
Nowadays, the Zaikonospasskaya monastery is active monastery. She does not solely own the territory, but shares it with other tenants. The former monastery buildings house a post office, a restaurant, a historical and archival institute and other organizations. The last restoration here was carried out in 2010-2014 under the leadership of architect Nadezhda Ivanovna Danilenko.
Church services in the monastery are held daily at 7.30 and 17.00. The monastery is open Sunday School, theological courses and a youth center. The Slavic-Korean Center also operates here, which unites Koreans from Russia and the CIS countries, and a male choir has been created.
Dream Interpretation
