Man is subject , literally and figuratively: this is sometimes called a person of a certain type or style of behavior. There is also philosophical category subject, which is based on such concepts as essence, individual, possessing consciousness and will, cognizing the world and practically transforming it.
From a grammatical point of view, this is the root from which related words are derived:
- Subjectivity- these are a person’s specific ideas about everything that surrounds us, based on his feelings, thoughts, sensations. Otherwise, it is a point of view formed as a result of acquired knowledge and reflection, a worldview;
- Subjective- this is a personal, internal state, experience. This category also indicates the interaction of people with each other and with the surrounding reality, their illusions and misconceptions.
Different areas of knowledge define the subject in their own way:
- In philosophy he has a general understanding;
- In psychology, this is the inner world of a person, his behavior;
- There are logical and grammatical interpretations.
There are also subjects of crime, law, state, etc.
How does an object differ from a subject?
Object, from Latin is an object, something external, existing in reality and serving for study and cognition by man, subject. A number of philosophical, and simply vital, concepts are associated with this term:
- Objectivity is the ability of a person (subject) to evaluate and delve into the essence of any problem, based on the principle of maximum independence from their own views on the subject;
- Objective reality is the world around us, existing apart from our consciousness and ideas about it. This is a material, natural environment, in contrast to the subjective, internal environment, which includes the psychological states of a person, his spirituality;
- Objective truth is defined as a person’s correct understanding (through his consciousness) of the surrounding reality and its content. This also includes scientific truth, the truth of which has been confirmed in practice.
In general, the concept of truth is very multifaceted. It can also be absolute, relative, concrete and even eternal.
What is an opinion?
In the generally accepted view, it implies a person’s view of something, his assessment or judgment, and comes from the Old Slavonic think- I guess, I think. Close to it in meaning are:
- Belief- this is confidence, meaningfulness of one’s worldview in any
areas of knowledge, built on the basis of the study and analysis of ideas, information and their conscious evaluation;
- A fact, from the Latin “accomplished,” is a specific, real result of some matter or research (as opposed to a hypothesis or assumption), which is based on knowledge and confirmed by testing in practice;
- An argument, or argument, is a way of proving the truth of a statement using logical constructions based on knowledge and facts;
- Knowledge is the result of thinking, cognition, a person’s receipt of reliable information, and the formation of a correct reflection of reality.
The difference between subjective and objective opinion
Few people doubt their objectivity when expressing some judgment on this or that issue, but everything is not so simple:
- Each of us has own opinion, even if we don't say it out loud, and it is always subjective, this is an axiom;
- An object, as we know, exists independently of our consciousness and is the subject of our activity. By definition, he does not have an opinion, unlike the subject (person), who in some cases himself can become an object of study, for example, in psychology or sociology;
- Synonyms of objectivity are independence, impartiality, open-mindedness, impartiality, justice. All these concepts are applicable to a person and his opinion, but it is very difficult to choose a measure, a criterion with which to check its truth.
The concept of opinion is inextricably linked with the individual, man, i.e. a subject with consciousness and the ability to navigate the surrounding reality and evaluate it to the best of his knowledge and capabilities.
Is there an independent opinion?
Is it possible to be objective without being independent, or vice versa? A play on synonymous words. The concept of independence can be interpreted in different ways, based on the scope of application:
- As a philosophical category, it is associated with the concept of being, acting as an object that has independent value and does not depend on external influences. However, in real world everything exists in close connection with each other;
- Sociology identifies it with such concepts as independence (economic, political, cultural), sovereignty. On the one hand, independence allows you to unlock the country’s internal potential, on the other hand, it can lead to its self-isolation, and balance is important here;
- From the point of view of psychology, this means the ability of an individual not to depend in his actions on external influences and demands, but to be guided only by his internal needs and assessments.
Opinion can be private, group or public. All of them are characterized by one general concept, this is a subjective opinion. What this means - science will explain in each individual case, but in short - this what we think about everything in the world.
Video about subjective images
In this video, Professor Vitaly Zaznobin will tell you how objective images differ from subjective ones:
Opinion (Slavic mniti - I assume) is a private interpretation by an individual of data in the form of a set of judgments that are not limited to the thought of the presence or refutation of something, but express the hidden or explicit attitude and assessment of the subject to the object in at the moment time, the nature and completeness of perception and sensation of something. That is, one can understand that an opinion can change over time due to certain reasons, including changes in the object of opinion itself - its qualities, properties, and so on, or because of other opinions, judgments, facts. And also, an opinion is a deliberately subjective judgment, which is subject to the properties and signs of subjectivity that I touched upon in the previous paragraph, even if the opinion is based on facts, it has the character of a value judgment-argument, that is, it still expresses the attitude of the subject.
From the above, it can be understood that opinion is subjective by default and inherits the properties of the subjective, for example, not necessarily stating the truth, different degrees of distortion by perception of the essence of the object, and so on. That is, already using the concept of “opinion” there is no need to clarify that it is subjective. It is important not to confuse judgment and opinion in itself, since the former can be of an empirical nature, that is, verifiable by experience, but an opinion is not capable of this due to the fact that it expresses an attitude. To some extent, opinions are judgments reflecting qualia, but only to some extent, and not completely. But whether an objective opinion exists and what form and content it has to fulfill the conditions of objectivity should be examined in more detail.
By itself, an object is not capable of making any judgments at all, if it is not a subject, that is, it can immediately be stated that an unconscious object does not put forward value judgments - opinions, and therefore does not create objective opinion. This means that the concept literally reflecting “objective opinion” does not exist, but the connotation is interesting here, not the literal meaning, so we can continue the research.
If we consider an objective opinion as an opinion about a certain object, then the subject who forms any opinion does so about the object, so this form of objective opinion is false. When trying to consider an objective opinion as an opinion (of a subject) aimed at a certain object, in order to protect the objectivity of this opinion, it is necessary to turn to objectivity itself, which I talked about in the first paragraph of this chapter.
Objectivity is the perception of an object in the form in which it exists independently of the subject of its perception, that is, impartiality and independence of judgment from the personality of the individual, including his opinion. And in this case, an objective opinion cannot exist either, since objectivity presupposes the absence of any relationship, hidden or explicit, of the individual subject to the reflected object. Moreover, in this case, objective opinion tries to replace scientific knowledge as a systematized set of data about an object obtained in the course of cognitive procedures in order to bring these data as close as possible to stating the essence of the cognitive object. Even ordinary, non-scientific knowledge is based on common sense and experience, including empirical, and does not involve distortion by attitude or assessment.
Based on all of the above, I come to the conclusion that “objective opinion” itself does not exist in the form of an a priori formulated one, and attempts to replace other concepts with it, for example, knowledge, have neither elegance nor expediency. An opinion can be, or rather become, objective if, in his subjective assessments, expression of attitude, private perception - opinion formation, an individual interprets the data in such a way that his subjective opinion satisfies the conditions of objectivity.
That is, an objective opinion is the same subjective opinion, including all its features, but coinciding in its assessments, relationships and individual interpretation with objective reality in its conditional completeness. The boundaries and criteria of the conditional completeness of perception, understanding and description of objective reality are the subject of a separate discussion. If we understand by objective opinion only the desire of the individual subject for an accurate and true reflection and statement of the essence of reality, then this ceases to be an opinion at all and, therefore, it will not matter at all whether this “opinion” is objective or subjective.
I will summarize what was said in the paragraph and move on to the conclusions for the chapter, so:
- In short, an opinion is an individual evaluative attitude of a subject towards something;
- Subjective opinion– subjectivity is an integral quality of the opinion itself, that is, when using the concept of opinion, its subjectivity is understood without additional clarification;
- Objective opinion is the same subjective opinion, but in the expression of attitude, assessment, etc. by the individual it coincides with objective reality.
There is no particular advisability to use the concept of subjective opinion in speech, since it is already subjective, just as there is no advisability to use the concept of objective opinion, since it reflects the coincidence of opinion with a statement of objective reality, but does not cease to be an opinion - a subjective attitude.
That is, when talking about stating objective reality, it is more expedient to resort to the concepts of fact, knowledge and the like, rather than pointing out a coincidence with, for example, the fact of someone’s opinion, since this is a coincidence, and not the internal quality of the opinion itself - subjective. Accordingly, in addition to emphasizing with the epithet “objective” the coincidence with fact, knowledge or similar statements of objective reality, it is advisable to limit ourselves to the concept of opinion without the subjective epithet, which it is, and even more so one should not understand the “objectivity” of an opinion as its independent quality, for this is only a coincidence with real objectivity. And if this coincidence is intentional and/or known, then it is more rational to offer a judgment, hypothesis, fact, knowledge, etc., rather than an opinion. In fact, referring in perception, and opinion based on it, to the categories of object and subject does not provide a sufficient characteristic of truth, since objectivity and subjectivity here (by some) mistakenly replace positive and negative awareness. Positive awareness (Latin positivus - coinciding, positive) is perception and comprehension expressed in an act of consciousness and attitude as coinciding with reality to one degree or another; and negative awareness (Latin negativus - reverse, negative) is the same act and its product, but with a distortion of reality, that is, imaginary, artificial. So, if we apply to opinion the concept that characterizes the proximity of an opinion to reality, then it is better to use “positive” and “positive”, and not some kind of “objective opinion”, which is practically an oxymoron.
However, interesting thoughts come into my head,
when you don't think about anything...
Subjective opinion (IMHO) is by far the most fashionable trend in human self-expression. If you want to be modern and advanced, your subjective opinion should always be yours. After all, then, on any occasion and occasion, you can demonstrate yourself in it - all the completeness and content of your inner world. IN lately We are seeing how IMHO fills the information space, displacing the culture of thought and public expression, the desire for accurate and reliable knowledge, respect for the interlocutor, and an adequate perception of the world. It is possible to explain the reasons for the growth of “opinion” popularity and the transformation of IMHO into a mass phenomenon, understanding the psychological state modern society and man.
Fashion trend "Subjective opinion"
SUBJECTIVE OPINION - CLAIM WITH EXIT
Opinion is a manifestation of consciousness in the form of a judgment expressing subjective attitude or assessment. Subjective opinion stems from interests and needs personality, her value systems. It is important to remember this when we hear or read the opinions of certain people. In his subjective opinion - IMHO - a person expresses what he wants it seems, that is, “seems,” “appears,” “appears.” Just for him, right now. By expressing his IMHO, a person demonstrates, first of all, his own internal states.
It is absolutely possible that what is expressed contains a “share of truth,” objective knowledge. And this is how it happens when a person has knowledge about the subject, when he is competent in what he pronounces, his judgment is reasoned. Otherwise, we are dealing with a “tasteful” statement, with “ hummock" point of view - a subjective opinion that does not claim to be correct and objective. Opinion is a natural form of realization of consciousness, driven by unconscious motives. And in the worldview it takes its necessary place. Today we observe how tasteful, personal, situational perception - subjective opinion, IMHO - claims to be the status of a universal, fundamental, true way of characterizing the reality of what is happening.
We can separate the grains of knowledge from the chaff of the imaginary, the mental reaction from the real state of affairs, the imaginary from the knower, only by understanding the internal mechanisms that the unconscious unwinds in a person. System-vector psychology is an accurate tool for such understanding (it has been repeatedly confirmed, tested and can be considered objective). Systemic psychoanalysis allows you to objectively (and not through yourself) evaluate a person’s mental manifestations, having in mind a holistic - eight-dimensional matrix of the structure of the psyche.
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The mechanism of subjective opinion
Subjective opinion is formulated spontaneously, situationally and is a way of expressing human condition as a reaction to one or another external factor. It can be noted that the external stimulus has a secondary role - the basis for the formation of a subjective opinion is the internal state of a person. Therefore, regardless of the situation, the nature and form of expression of subjective opinion may remain unchanged. We can observe something similar very picturesquely on the Internet: a socially or sexually frustrated person will express his state of dissatisfaction, that is, a subjective opinion, for any reason, in an article on any topic, to any image: not to comment, but to criticize, for example, or literally pour on dirt. Why? Because this is his subjective opinion.
By the way, I remembered one parable from the Internet. Here it is:
One man came to Socrates and asked:
- Do you know what they told me about your friend?
“Wait,” Socrates stopped him, “first sift what you are going to say through three sieves.”
- Three sieves?
- The first is the sieve of truth. Are you sure what you say is true?
- No. I just heard...
- Very good. So you don't know if it's true or not. Then we will sift through the second sieve - the sieve of kindness. Do you want to say something good about my friend?
- No! Against!
“So,” Socrates continued, “you’re going to say something bad about him, but you’re not even sure that it’s true.” Let's try the third sieve - the sieve of benefit. Do I really need to hear what you have to say?
- No, this is not necessary.
“So,” concluded Socrates, “there is neither kindness, nor truth, nor necessity in what you want to say.” Why talk then?
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What does a subjective opinion express?
WEAPONS AGAINST INTELLIGENCE - SUBJECTIVE OPINION
Ancient thinkers, separating subjective opinion from true knowledge, noted that opinion, due to its subjectivity and irrationality, distorts the truth. It is akin to delusion, or is such. This is forgotten today both by the exponents of IMHO and by those who perceive it. Often we think: “Oh! If a person (no matter who) said so, then that’s how it really is, people won’t talk/write in vain.” We save the mental effort that is necessary to be critical of someone else’s subjective opinion; we trust other people’s words. We ourselves rarely “suffer” from self-criticism.
“Where knowledge ends, opinion begins.” Often, subjective opinion turns out to be nothing more than a form of representation of intellectual weakness.
Failure to understand one’s own mistakes and rationalizations leads to a conviction that one is right and, consequently, an increase in self-confidence and awareness of one’s superiority. Often less or completely incompetent people, speaking with a subjective “opinion” on this or that matter, probably consider themselves professionals, specialists, knowledgeable and therefore have the right to make verdicts. Despite the fact that they lack deep knowledge and real understanding of the subject. However, it is enough to say: “I think so!” This is my opinion!!,” - in order to thus remove all doubts about the fairness and objectivity of what was said - both in myself and in the recipients, IMHO.
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Subjective opinion? - freedom to my opinion!
Subjective opinion expresses sentimental attitude to something, and therefore the judgment in which it is expressed often does not have sufficient grounds, it impossible to substantiate or check. It stems from stereotypes(based on personal or social experience), beliefs, uncritical attitude. Opinion, including subjective opinion, is associated with a certain ideological position and psychological attitude.
WHAT MOVES THE SUBJECTIVE OPINION SUBJECTIVE?
The very first action that will help assess the real content and objectivity of an opinion is understanding intent, forcing a person to speak out. What motivates the one who is now here in front of you showing that he has his own opinion? Why does he say/write this? What internal states push him to do this? What mental processes, unconscious to him, control his words and behavior? What does it tell them?
Subjective opinion is a point of view. One of the possible ones. By itself, this point may turn out to be completely empty, a subjective opinion - worthless. By the way, this often happens. Someone (or maybe no one?) believes that THIS is HIS opinion, “I think so,” “I think so.” And he believes that this is precisely the truth - absolute and undeniable, obtained by independent mental labor - the comprehension that illuminated him. On what basis? Are these his thoughts and words that he speaks or writes? Maybe they were borrowed, and now he – strangers – is passing them off as his own, brazenly appropriating them? Can what has been said even claim some kind of objectivity and be knowledge?
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Subjective opinion - point of view
We live in a special time in a special society. System-vector psychology calls the present period the “skin phase of the development of society” (the value system of the skin measure is dominant in public consciousness). In particular, this time is characterized by the growth of individualism. The level of cultural development is such that each person is proclaimed as something unique and extremely valuable. A person has the right to everything (which is not limited by law). In the value system of modern skin society - freedom, independence. The first is freedom of speech. High technological development gave the world the Internet, which today, especially in Russia, is the main arena where the parade celebrates itself IMHO. In RuNet, anyone can say anything, because this is an absolute, self-valuable subjective opinion; Many users note that the network has turned into a big garbage dump, where there is a lot of unreliable and false information and dirt is pouring out at every step.
In Russia, with its special mentality, the “holiday” of individualism looks especially depressing and sad. This situation is perfectly represented by the words of Yuri Burlan: “IMHO, off the chain.”
Broken from the chain... Everyone, no matter who he is, can feel like the navel of the earth, having something important and fateful to say to the whole world. At the same time, I don’t care about the world itself. What does it matter to him? I'm an individual! Me and my IMHO are what really matters in this life.
MY SUBJECTIVE OPINION VS SUBJECTIVE OPINION OF OTHERS
Do we want to be consumers of someone’s opinions, a trash bin where everything that someone is too lazy to express goes, or do we prefer to have an objective view of the world? - everyone decides for themselves. Of course, there is reason to think about what kind of judgments I myself am a producer. Do I want to multiply my own emptiness of thoughts, scream with the meaninglessness of words and expose myself with my own frustrations, vainly covering such a “rich inner world” with my IMHO? - the choice is everyone's.
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Subjective opinion: mine and wrong
System-vector psychology allows us not only to understand the meanings behind each word, but also what the speaker knows, no matter what rationalizations he uses to cover up his intellectual weakness. What is hidden under the veneer of subjective opinion becomes obvious at first glance.
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The article was written based on the training materials on system-vector psychology by Yuri Burlan
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Other publications:
"We need knowledge human nature"
“There is only me - everything is allowed to me!”
Black hole called "resentment"
Currently, subjective opinion is the most fashionable trend in the process of personal expression. If one wants to appear modern, an individual must always look at what is happening from a personal point of view. This provides an excellent opportunity to demonstrate your uniqueness in any situation... Unfortunately, recently the newfangled IMHO (stands for the following: I have an opinion, I want to voice it) has filled the information space and has supplanted the culture of public expression and thought, the craving for reliable knowledge, and a respectful attitude towards interlocutors and adequate perception of reality.
Why has a purely subjective opinion become so popular? Explaining the reasons for this phenomenon is quite simple if you understand the psychological state of modern society.
Claim for originality
Opinion is a manifestation of consciousness in the form of a judgment that expresses a subjective assessment. It comes from the needs and hobbies of the individual, his value system. Consequently, a subjective opinion is an expression of what a person imagines, imagines, seems. It is important to remember this when we read or hear the point of view of our interlocutor. By revealing his opinion to us, a person demonstrates his own
Be reasonable
Even if it seems to you one hundred percent that the interlocutor is wrong, try not to get personal. One can never exclude the possibility that there is still some truth in what is being said. This happens when a person has certain knowledge about the subject, he is competent in what is being discussed and argues his position. Otherwise, his subjective opinion is the so-called bump in opinion, a judgment based on emotions and rumors.
Negative changes
It is important to take into account the fact that opinion is a natural form of realization of human consciousness, activated through unconscious motives. In the process of worldview formation, it plays one of the leading roles. The sad trend of our time is that IMHO, being, in essence, a tasteful, personal, situational perception, is trying to take the place of a true fundamental version of the characterization of ongoing events.
Psychology can help us
Does a person have the ability to clearly distinguish between subjective and objective opinions? Yes. Understanding the principle of operation of internal mechanisms that activate the unconscious will allow you to separate the wheat from the chaff and learn to distinguish the thinker from the knower.
The postulates of system-vector psychology have become for many an accurate tool for dissecting human souls. Thanks to systemic psychoanalysis, it is possible to objectively evaluate one or another mental manifestation of an individual. The holistic eight-dimensional matrix of the psyche helps in this process.
Formation mechanism
Subjective opinion is a point of view formulated situationally, spontaneously. It expresses a person’s state as a reaction to the influence of an external factor. Psychologists note that the influence of an external stimulus is secondary - the basis for the formation of a personal opinion is the internal state of the individual. That is why even in different situations the form and nature of personal statements may remain unchanged. We can observe this phenomenon in all its glory on the vastness of the Global Network. Thus, sexually or socially frustrated individuals leave comments of the same nature on articles on a variety of topics, proudly calling their criticism newfangled IMHO.
Weapons to destroy intelligence
How to understand subjective opinion? First, you need to understand that it distorts the truth and is mostly a fallacy. This is exactly what many ancient thinkers believed. Modern psychologists identify a dead-end type of behavior. So, the individual thinks something like this: “If they say so, then it is so. Hundreds of people just won’t say that.” In this way, a pathological economy of one’s own mental efforts is achieved, but they are simply necessary for a critical attitude towards the subjective opinions of others. Trusting the words of others is not the best option.
Opinion begins where knowledge ends. And indeed, often the notorious IMHO is just a form of expression of intellectual backwardness and weakness.
If a person does not understand his own mistakes and becomes more and more convinced that he is right, his sense of superiority over others rapidly grows and strengthens. This is why so often we see incompetent people, who confidently consider themselves professionals, speaking with loud phrases. At the same time, the statement that the author expresses a personal opinion is quite enough to kill at the root all doubts about the objectivity of what was said.
What does subjective opinion mean? This is only the individual’s sensory attitude to what is happening, and therefore it is often characterized by a lack of evidence. In addition, it is impossible to verify or substantiate it. The source IMHO is stereotypes, beliefs, uncritical attitude. The formation of personal opinion is inextricably linked with psychological attitudes and the ideological position of the individual.
What makes you express an opinion?
The very first action that helps in assessing the real content and objectivity, IMHO, is to find out the intentions that prompted the person to make a statement. Why did he write/say that? What internal state prompted him to do this?
What does subjective opinion mean? This is just a point of view. One of millions of possibilities. Often it turns out to be completely empty, not of any use. At the same time, the author of the statement is firmly convinced that this is the very truth born in the process of intense intellectual work.
Time IMHO
Modernity in system-vector psychology is defined as the period of the “skin phase of the development of society.” One of its main features is the strengthening of individualism. Culture is at such a level of development that each individual is proclaimed highest value, a unique creation. It is argued that a person has an exclusive right to everything - naturally, which is not prohibited by law. The first position in the system of a “skin” society is occupied by independence and freedom.
A technological breakthrough gave humanity the Internet, which has become a huge arena in which a magnificent parade takes place IMHO. The global network has made it possible to speak out on any issue. Many note that the Internet has become an immense cesspool filled with stinking masses of unreliable, dirty information.
Against each other
Ask yourself the question of whether you want to be a consumer of other people’s subjective opinions, whether you are ready to become a kind of trash bin in which everything that someone really wanted to say is placed. Of course, it is much more difficult to form your own, maximally objective idea of the world.
Analyze your statements. Perhaps they will give you reason to think about what kind of judgments you yourself present to others. Are you falling into the emptiness of your own thoughts? Are all your frustrations exposed too often? Try to answer these questions honestly. Understanding and analyzing your own mistakes will help you choose the right path.
Objectivity and, first of all, the objectivity of information as the quality of the information fields surrounding us, is extremely important in everyday life, and for professional self-realization.
Unfortunately, often subjectivity of judgments, which are disguised as the objective opinion of some specialist, do not allow us to correctly understand the problem and make an adequate and objective decision. Let's figure out what objectivity is, whether it is possible to distinguish it from subjective opinion, and how to correctly present information in professional activities and in everyday life.
What is it
What is objectivity and why do you need to be able to recognize it? In philosophy, there has long been a scientific debate about the objective and the subjective, as well as about truth and truth. As a result of centuries-old disputes, philosophers have found a point to separate these concepts.
They established that the objectivity of truth is its immutable quality. Then, apparently, the expression appeared: “Everyone has their own truth, but the truth is the same for everyone.” Based on this, we can derive the definition that:
- Objectivity as a quality that is not associated with personal judgments and interests, is not based on preferences, exists on its own and does not depend on evaluation. It is based on constant values, objective facts, conclusions supported by results scientific research, etc. This is a quality that cannot be challenged or changed at will. Is it based on scientific or other practical knowledge about the object.
- The opposite of this quality is subjectivity. In this capacity, everything is connected with opinion, judgment, assessment, personal criteria and desires. Subjectivity always starts from the subject. Subjective information is information created or modified by the subject.
For example, when we talk about such qualities as practicality, beauty, taste and others, we inevitably give a personal assessment or use personal subjective experience, which means our reasoning is subjective. When we talk about exact quantities (time, weight and the like) or scientific facts– this is an objective opinion, since we take as a basis indisputable data or facts.
It is interesting that from the point of view of semantic analysis of the Russian language, subjectivity is almost always expressed by an adjective, while the use of verbs in speech enhances the perception of information as objective.
Why is it important to be able to transform information into an objective opinion? First of all, because in this form people better perceive what you want to tell them. Subjective opinions are likely to be questioned, ignored, or become the source of controversy. Objective opinions will be taken seriously. At the same time, you can use this skill both in the professional sphere and in everyday life.
Let's say you want to convince your manager that the path you have chosen to resolve an issue is correct. If your objective opinion is based on scientific data and conclusions made earlier and not challenged by anyone, you will most likely be able to defend your point of view. If you present the same information, but only as your own judgment, the result may be the opposite.
Of course, there are areas where there is not and cannot be an objective opinion. Art - painting, music, theater - is always perceived subjectively, i.e. are assessed by each individual based on his preferences. Subjective judgment is possible even in those scientific fields, where there is no consensus yet, it is not yet possible to draw final and objective conclusions, since there is a lack of accurate scientific data.
Let's take, for example, the reasoning of astronomers about the structure of the Universe. It is technologically impossible to measure its dimensions, obtain information about physical processes happening in it. Information about the Universe is scattered, which does not allow us to see the whole picture.
But even the discoveries already made were not always immediately accepted by the scientific community. History knows cases when discoveries made by scientists were considered for a long time only a subjective opinion. In such cases, only time could turn a scientific hypothesis into an objective truth.
Reality. Objective or subjective
Another important question that philosophers and psychologists ask: is reality an objective or subjective category?
In psychology, objective reality and subjective reality have become stable concepts. When working with an individual, it is important to understand what the individual’s attitude is towards each of them, how she evaluates them, who, in her opinion, influences their formation.
Children often mistake for objective reality the opinion of parents or adults with authority. Therefore, it is important to teach a child to form his own position and distinguish subjective opinion from objective facts.
Open your child to the world of objective knowledge and science. Tell us about how scientists explore reality and make discoveries and how objective knowledge helps us in life. Author: Ruslana Kaplanova
SUBJECTIVE
SUBJECTIVE
(from Latin subjectum - subject). Having a personal point of view on things, as opposed to an objective one.
Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. - Chudinov A.N., 1910 .
SUBJECTIVE
in contrast to the objective, personal, different from others by the characteristics of a given person; arising from the mood, resulting from the tastes, habits, inclinations, desires of a given person, etc.
A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. - Popov M., 1907 .
SUBJECTIVE
from lat. subjectum, subject. Originating in the personality itself.
Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. - Mikhelson A.D., 1865 .
Subjective
[from Latin. subjectum ] – 1) personal, peculiar only to a given person, subject; 2) the opposite of objective; subjective idealism - a direction in philosophy
Large dictionary of foreign words. - Publishing House "IDDK", 2007 .
Subjective aya, oh, ven, vna ( German subjektiv, fr. subjectif lat. subjeclīvus added, attached).
1.
Partial, biased; opposite objective. Subjective opinion.
2.
Pertaining only to a given person, subject, . Subjective sensations.
Subjectivity- property of the subjective 2.
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Wed. objective .
Dictionary foreign words by L. P. Krysin. - M: Russian language, 1998 .
Synonyms:
See what “SUBJECTIVE” is in other dictionaries:
See biased... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. subjective individual, taste, personal, one-sided, tendency, personalistic, personal,… … Dictionary of synonyms
SUBJECTIVE, subjective, subjective; subjective, subjective, subjective (book). Peculiar, inherent only to a given person, subject. Subjective experiences. Feelings of cold are very subjective. || Lack of objectivity, biased,... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
SUBJECTIVE, oh, oh; vein, vna. 1. Inherent only to a given subject, person. Subjective feeling. 2. Partial, biased, lacking objectivity. Subjective assessment. Too subjective opinion. | noun subjectivity, and, female Intelligent... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Relating to the subject, its nature and interests; dependent on the subject; having meaning only for the subject. The opposite of S. is objective. The subject can be not only an individual, but also a group of people, society, a separate culture,... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
subjective- aya, oe.subjectif adj., German. subjektiv lat. subjectivus added, attached. In this feeling there is nothing externally objective (objectif), for its object does not act on us from the outside, nor personal (subjectif), for we are in it for ourselves... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language
subjective- 1. Peculiar only to a given subject, person, personal; relating to the subject. 2. One-sided, lacking objectivity, biased, biased. Dictionary of a practical psychologist. M.: AST, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998 ... Great psychological encyclopedia
SUBJECTIVE - 1. Free value– a characteristic of an individual or dependent on an individual, a subject. In this main meaning of the term there are three sub-themes, each of which reflects a different meaning of dependence, (a) Personal - that which is subjective... Explanatory dictionary of psychology
subjective- ▲ individual display objective subjectivity dependence of ideas on the individual, the subject. subjectivism. subjective. a matter of taste. look [look] from your bell tower. look from your perch. can't get up... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language
subjective- oh, oh; ven, vna 1) Relating to a subject, person, personality. Subjective factor in history. Subjective reasons. Synonyms: personality, human 2) Reflecting the thoughts, experiences, etc. of a given subject, characteristic only of a given person... Popular dictionary of the Russian language
subjective- possession is subjective in nature... Verbal compatibility of non-objective names
Books
- Subjective Dictionary of Fiction, Arbitman Roman Emilievich. Is Pinocchio familiar with the Three Laws of Robotics? Did Wells's Martians fly into the Great Guslyar? What do Harry Potter and Winston Churchill have in common? Why do aliens have such stupid names? For…
“You cannot be objective in this situation”, “Learn to objectively assess your capabilities”, “This is my subjective opinion” - familiar expressions, right? We use them almost every day, but not all people fully understand the meaning of key concepts. But what is there to hide, psychologists and philosophers are also still arguing about what the difference is between them, whether it is possible to be absolutely objective. Let's sort this all out once and for all. We will learn what objectivity and subjectivity are, what an objective opinion is, how to be objective.
What is objectivity
What does the word “objectivity” mean? Derived from the Latin objectum, meaning “object.” Objectivity is the ability to perceive and analyze events without judgment, impartially, without any interpretation. What does “objective opinion” mean? This means an unbiased, impartial, non-judgmental opinion.
Objectivity is a property of an object (fact), it does not depend on the desires, feelings, and emotions of people. For example, all laws of nature, the psyche, and sciences relate to objectivity. They work regardless of a person’s emotions, experience, beliefs, and desires. They exist and they are what they are.
What does objectivity mean?
Let's look at the definition of the concept in different dictionaries.
Objectivity – what is it in psychological encyclopedias:
- the actual existence of objects (phenomena, processes, properties, relationships), which does not depend on the will and consciousness of a person;
- the position according to which human behavior is always amenable to external factors and phenomena that can be measured;
- freedom from evaluative, erroneous judgments, prejudices;
- the ability to conduct research, to collect information outside of one's judgments, emotions, prejudices, without allowing personal interpretations to get in the way.
Objectivity in philosophy is:
- a principle that implies recognition of reality in its real patterns and forms;
- the independent existence of things outside our consciousness;
- independence of events from the consciousness, will, desires, tastes, and preferences of a person.
You can often hear such phrases as “objective attitude”, “objective decision”. What does it mean? An objective attitude is an unbiased attitude. Same as an objective view. For example, all judges maintain an unbiased attitude when passing judgment. An objective decision is a conclusion about the necessary actions, made on the basis of an analysis of information from different sources, facts, phenomena, properties of reality. In our example, this is the sentence itself.
Objectivity: synonyms
According to all the considered definitions of objectivity, the following synonyms can be named (by frequency of use, from the most popular to the least popular synonyms):
- justice,
- independence,
- honesty,
- objectivity,
- impartiality,
- impartiality,
- open-mindedness.
Previously, objectivity was viewed in a negative way and synonyms such as impartiality and impartiality were used.
What is subjectivity
It prohibits doctors from treating their relatives and psychologists from treating their acquaintances. It prevents us from thinking soberly in a stressful situation. She is subjectivity. It means a biased, emotional, evaluative attitude towards something. A person reacts not to facts, but to his emotions, interpretation of facts and events through his system of values, beliefs, and judgments. Now it’s clear what bans on treating your relatives and friends have to do with it: the risk of making a mistake is too high. We are afraid to offend, harm, lose. We worry, worry, and because of this, we end up making mistakes.
What is objective and subjective opinion?
Objectivity and subjectivity are properties that allow us to perceive reality impartially or emotionally (respectively). Let's take a closer look at what objective and subjective opinion means.
Very often, when we say “this is my subjective opinion,” we mean “this is my personal opinion.” In fact, this is not entirely true. An objective opinion can also be personal, each person’s opinion is personal.
What is the difference between objectivity and subjectivity? The difference is that objective judgment is not colored by feelings and emotions. So, it’s more like what we usually call “as a matter of fact” or “a fact is a fact.” But subjective opinion is value judgments, our attitude, our sensory perception. Attitude to the situation from our “bell tower”, based on the knowledge and experience that we have.
The contradiction between objective and subjective
So, we found out that each person has his own subjective opinion. Very often subjective opinions different people contradict each other. This leads to conflicts, polemics, and discussions. But at the same time, the contradiction of opinions helps each person, the entire society, and science to develop.
“He did this on purpose to hurt me,” one person shouts. “No, he was just joking,” says another person. Both are right in their own way, but what is the truth? The truth is that one person, in the presence of an obese person, told a joke about fat people. Why did it do this: was it a joke or did it want to offend? Only he knows. However, his opinion is subjective. An objective fact: he said such and such, there and there, in the presence of such and such.
Unity of objective and subjective
Objectivity and subjectivity are inseparable, just as object and subject are inseparable. The latter exist only next to each other. Likewise, many different opinions always arise around a certain phenomenon.
The unity of the subjective and objective is best seen in the objectivity of information. This is the truth, the veracity of any data. However, information becomes objective as a result of a combination of many subjective opinions.
Objectivity of judgments is formed under the influence of the following sources:
- Formal and non-formal education. We become acquainted with the first truths and laws of the world in kindergarten, school. Then we continue to receive information from the university. This includes self-education.
- Science. Scientific knowledge, research, results of experiments, etc. available to everyone.
- Media. The most influential source. Accessibility of presentation, many subjective opinions, wide circulation - all this makes the media such an influential source of information.
- Communicative interaction with other people. The instinct to imitate is inherent in us as a species. This is why we listen to other people, we want to be “like everyone else.” Therefore, very often we perceive everything that our friends and colleagues say as the truth.
Psychologists have discovered an interesting pattern: the more people support an opinion, the higher the likelihood that other people will begin to perceive it as true. Therefore, it can be argued that any objective opinion is, to one degree or another, an imposed public opinion.
Thus, objectivity and subjectivity are two opposing forms of perception of the world. Subjectivity is personal opinion. Objectivity – conclusions based on the analysis of several opinions, sources of information, facts.
Objectivity in philosophy
In philosophy, objectivity is understood as the totality of many subjective opinions regarding something. However, it is impossible to collect all the options, and even more so it is impossible to avoid contradictions. Absolute truth (objectivity of truth) is the maximum understanding of what is happening. But, as philosophers note, it is impossible to achieve absolute truth. For every objective opinion, you can always find several equally objective objections.
Socratic method
Many philosophers have dealt with the problem of searching for truth, but Socrates made a special contribution. In his opinion, each person can have his own truth, his own idea of something, but the truth is always the same. And it consists of several subjective relationships. That is absolute truth, according to Socrates, is always somewhere in the middle between two opposing points of view (between two relative truths).
The philosopher even developed his own method for searching for truth. It is still used today to resolve disputes, dilemmas, and complex problems. Have you heard the expression “Truth is born in dispute”? It just came from Socrates. He drew other people into dialogue, challenged their opinions, constantly put forward new assumptions and facts, and eventually arrived at the truth.
The Socratic method is a method of conversation or dialogue. The philosopher himself began them with the well-known phrase “I know that I know nothing, but others don’t know that either.” Using facts and light irony, Socrates challenged his opponent’s opinions until the second participant uttered the phrase “You are absolutely right, Socrates.”
The objectivity of good in Plato's ethical ideas
Plato paid special attention the problem of good and evil (works “Phaedo” and “State”). In his writings, he defined what objective good is. And this is a perfect society.
Let us briefly consider Plato's theory. She identified three types of virtue, three types of human soul:
- Intelligent soul. Virtue is wisdom, that is true knowledge. These are rulers, sages, philosophers. They see true ideals and try to do everything to increase goodness.
- Emotional soul. Virtue - courage, bravery, sense of duty. These are warriors, guards.
- Sensual soul. Virtue is physical strength. These are simple workers who provide the material life of the state.
Plato noted that an isolated type of soul does not occur. All three types live in every person, but one of them predominates.
At the same time, Plato distinguished three classes (from highest to lowest): rulers, warriors and workers. The characteristics are the same (corresponding to soul types from 1 to 3).
The goal of the state and any society is to achieve truth, justice, and objectivity. This is good. Virtues (conditions) that help in this:
- measure in everything;
- equality of women and men;
- the absence of family and private property among sages and warriors (so as not to be distracted from management and protection);
- inaccessibility of money for the upper class (payment in kind, so that there is no temptation to accumulate funds).
Thus, to put it briefly and simply, in modern language, according to Plato, goodness is equality, prevention of corruption, a sense of proportion for everyone and in everything, a strict distribution of roles in society. Philosophers, psychologists, and sociologists note that philosophical ideas Plato about ideal state, objective good cannot be realized.
How to become objective
Can objectivity be absolute? No, every person in a sober mind, clear consciousness and sane state cannot be completely objective. If we are conscious, then the analysis of any event is closely connected with a personal attitude.
Is it possible to be completely objective?
Our worldview, value system, beliefs cannot miss something in its primary (true) form. This is where the expression “Truth is subjective” comes from. However, we can maximize our ability to assess reality with an open mind. This is what helps psychologists, doctors, teachers, and judges do their jobs. Objectivity is usually understood as a person’s ability to step back from a situation and look at it from the outside, from the point of view of an observer.
When receiving information, we involuntarily isolate from it what is interesting to us within the framework of personal beliefs and attitudes. How to be objective? Pay attention to facts, figures, dates, primary sources, etc. For example, someone says: “He was driving at high speed.” This is a subjective opinion. Another person, regarding the same situation, says: “He was driving 90 km/h.” This is an objective opinion. For some this speed is fast, for others it is slow, and for others it is normal. But in fact it’s just 90 km/h. Any event and any fact is neutral until we pass it through our value system.
How to be objective
Thus, to be objective, you need:
- Collect as many different opinions as possible. Remember what we talked about in the philosophy section?
- Find the original source and analyze it.
- Give yourself time to think. When the emotions subside and the information is assimilated, take another look at the problem.
This is a universal plan for any situation in which you need to be objective.
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