By 1948, at the time of the creation of the State of Israel, there were already 650 thousand people living in it, while in those days there were 11.5 million Jews all over the world.
The number of Jews reached the 14 million mark by 1992; now there are 14 and a half million Jews living on the planet. Of these, 6 and a half million are in Israel.
The birth rate in Israel in 2016 was 3.11 per 100 people (181,405 newborns). Since 1980, the birth rate in Israel has increased by 92%. In 2016, 73.9% of newborns were born to Jewish mothers, the average age of women at the birth of their first child is 27.6 years, at the birth of the second - 29.6 years. The third child is born when his mother is on average 31.9 years old.
The number of Jewish people in the world reached 14,310,000 people. 54% of the world's Jewish population lives today outside of Israel, only 46% - in their historical homeland. 98% of Jews are concentrated in 17 countries (including Israel). Here's where the largest Jewish communities exist today, according to Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs:
Among the countries of the American continent, the largest number of Jews live in the USA - 5,700,000,
Canada - 385,000
Mexico – 67,000
Panama – 10,000
Argentina – 230,000
Uruguay – 17,000
Chile – 18,000
The largest community in Europe - 585,000 Jews - lives in France.
UK - 270,000
Spain – 30,000
Switzerland – 19,000
Italy - 28,000
Germany – 150,000
Belgium – 30,000
Holland – 29,900
Sweden – 15,000
Hungary – 47,000
Russia - 186,000
Ukraine – 63,000
Belarus – 11,000
Türkiye - 17,000
Australia - 112,000
South Africa - 70,000.
Of course, this is not the entire list; Jewish communities today exist in many other countries.
As of January 1, 2016, the number of Jews in the world was 14.5 million, which is still less than in 1939 (16.6 million). Moreover, over the 70 post-war years, the Jewish population on planet Earth grew at a rate of 0.33% per year.
At the same time, the number of Jews in the Diaspora has decreased by more than a quarter compared to 1948. At the time of the declaration of independence in 1948, 606 thousand people lived in Israel.
In 1948-1952, when Jews were able to freely enter Israel, the country's Jewish population increased from 600 thousand to 1.5 million people. And in total, since the founding of the Jewish state (from 1948 to 2015), 3.2 million people have repatriated to Israel. Two main waves of repatriation can be distinguished: the first - from 1948 to 1951 and the second - from 1990 to 1999 (1.35 million people, or 42% of all repatriates).
Moreover, from the creation of the state until the end of 2015, about 720 thousand Israelis emigrated from Israel, including those who died abroad.
And as of January 1, 2016, 6.5 million Jews lived in Israel, which is 44% of the total Jewish population.
The Jewish population in Israel grew by an average of 1.9% per year in 2014-2015. Over 5 years (2010-15), the number of Jews in Israel increased by 9.2%, and in the Diaspora it decreased by 0.5%.
From 1990 to 2015, the number of Jews in the Diaspora decreased by 10%, while in Israel their number increased by 60%. Main reason decrease in the Jewish population of the Diaspora - growing assimilation. For example, in 1970, 17% of Jewish US citizens entered into interethnic marriages. In 2012 - 58%.
If current trends continue, the number of Jews in Israel will equal the number of the Jewish Diaspora by 2026.
Besides the Jewish population in Israel, the other largest community by size is the Jewish community in the United States. Moreover, if the data on the population of Israel are accurate, then the number of the Jewish population in the United States, like any other community, is an estimate.
There are now 5.3 million adult Jews living in the United States (of which 5% were born in the USSR). 1.3 million Jewish children in the United States receive at least partial Jewish education. The Jewish birth rate in the United States is 1.9%, which is high by European standards. But this is the average temperature in the hospital. The fact is that in the environment religious Jews a large family is the norm. And there are more religious Jews living in the United States than in Israel.
35% of American Jews belong to Reform Judaism. 18% are conservative, and 10% are orthodox. 30% of American Jews consider themselves Jews, but do not associate themselves with any religious movement. And 22% of American Jews are atheists of varying degrees of conviction.
If we proceed from the Israeli “Law of Return”, according to which “Everyone who has a Jewish grandparent has the right to acquire Israeli citizenship,” then at least 9 million US citizens have the right to return to their historical homeland in Israel .
At least 90% of American Jews are Ashkenazi. The most prominent Sephardic community in the New York area (more than 25,000 Syrian Jews) lives in Brooklyn and New Jersey, most of their ancestors arriving here from Aleb in the early 20th century.
In Israel, it is generally accepted that the number of Ashkenazim and Sephardim in the country is approximately equal. It is hardly possible to accurately calculate this, since marriages between Ashkenazim and Sephardim are an everyday occurrence.
About 130,000 repatriates from Ethiopia live in Israel - both Jews and members of their families, as well as the so-called. "Falashmura", that is, descendants of baptized Ethiopian Jews. Ethiopian men practically do not enter into mixed marriages. Every fifth Ethiopian woman enters into a mixed marriage (with Jewish Israeli citizens of non-Ethiopian origin).
The Ethiopian districts are Kiryat Nordau in Netanya, Kiryat Moshe in Rehovot and Ramat Eliyahu in Rishon Lezion.
The total fertility rate (TFR) for American Jews is 2.1 children per woman. But this is exactly the average temperature for the United States. Because the Orthodox, who have an average of 4.1 children per family in the United States, number half a million in this country. Other American Jews have an average of 1.8 children per woman per family.
Moreover, two thirds of American Jews who do not adhere to religious traditions enter into interethnic marriages.
Most American religious Jews live in New York City. And in New York, mainly in Brooklyn: Williamsburg, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Crown Heights and Borough Park. Brooklyn's Hasidic communities are growing at a very rapid pace. In religious Jewish families It is common to have 5-10 children.
The largest community of Bukharian Jews after the Israeli one (50 thousand people) lives in New York. They live compactly in Queens. In the area of ​​Bukharan Jews there is Sergei Dovlatov way.
As for Israel, in 2014, 75% of Israeli Jews were “sabras” - that is, born in Israel. In 2014, the country's population increased by 162 thousand people (2%). During this time, 176 thousand people were born in Israel, 44 thousand people died, and 32 thousand new immigrants arrived.
According to the Bureau of Statistics, in 2016, for the first time in the history of the Jewish State, the birth rate among Jewish and Arab women was equal. The fertility rate in both sectors is 3.13 children per woman.
In Israel in 2014 there were 14 cities with a population of more than 100,000 people, and six of them had a population of over 200 thousand. These are Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, Rishon Lezion, Ashdod and Petah Tikva.
More than 40% of Israel's population lives in the center of the country: 17% in the Tel Aviv district and another 24% in the neighboring districts of Gush Dan and Sharon. The periphery, including the north and south of the country, is home to 31% of the population. Another 28% live in areas considered an intermediate zone between the periphery and the center - these are the areas of Haifa and Jerusalem (each with 12% of the population) and the area of ​​Judea and Samaria, which contains 3% of the population.
In Israel there are 5 urban agglomerations besides the greater Tel Aviv, which are called “Gush Dan”.
5 settlements that have actually merged into one city and have independent status are:
1. Shfela area (the cities of Ness Ziona, Rehovot, Rishon LeZion, Beer Yaakov and Yavne);
2. The Sharon area (Ramat Hasharon, Herzliya, Raanana, Kfar Saba and Hod Hasharon) - by the way, the most prestigious area of ​​the country;
3. Suburbs of Haifa - “Krayot” (Kiryat Motzkin, Kiryat Bialik, Kiryat Haim and Kiryat Yam);
4. Agglomeration in the south of the Haifa district (Zichron Yaakov, Pardes Hana-Karkur, Harish and Or Akiva).
5. Jerusalem and surroundings. Jerusalem is the most populous city in Israel. According to the Central Statistics Service for 2013-2014, the population of Jerusalem was 829,900 people - of which 307,600 were Arabs (37%), 522,300 were Jews (63%). Population growth in 2013, according to the Central Statistics Service, amounted to 14,600 people, while 7,400 people left Jerusalem.
"East Jerusalem" Israel refers to all the Arab neighborhoods of the city. That is, “East Jerusalem” is considered to be Jabl Mukabr and Abu Tor, located in the east of the city, Shuafat, Beit Hanina and Kafr Aqab, located in the north of the city, Silvan in the historical center of the capital of Israel, and even Beit Safafa, located in the south of the city , but north of the Jewish district of Gilo.
However, neither Gilo, nor eastern Talpiot, nor Ramot, nor Pisgat Ze'ev, nor other Jewish neighborhoods built after the Six-Day War in the territories liberated during this war are classified by Israel as “East Jerusalem”.
The Arab population of East Jerusalem are not citizens of Israel, but have the status of “Permanent Residents of Israel,” although in official directories they are included in the column “Arab population of Israel.”
Under certain circumstances, this status can be lost (and along with it, work permits, benefits and health insurance). In total, about 14 thousand people have been deprived of this status since 1967. As of 2014, 300 thousand Arabs (60% of the population of these areas and 99% of the Arab population of Jerusalem) and 20 thousand Jews lived in the areas of Jerusalem annexed in 1967. In Jerusalem as a whole, from the beginning of 2010 to June 15, 2016, 8,964 permits for housing construction were issued, of which about 1,080 were for housing construction in the Arab areas of the city.
In 1969-1988, 174 thousand repatriates came to Israel from the USSR. Plus, as of March 1, 2015, about 860 thousand people aged 18 years and older who were born in the former USSR and arrived in Israel for permanent residence in 1989 – 2014 had Israeli citizenship. In this case, we are talking only about Israeli citizens who have received Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return.
In addition, every year 5 thousand people receive Israeli citizenship by marrying Israeli citizens. The overwhelming majority are citizens (or rather, female citizens) of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
150 thousand Russian citizens permanently reside in Israel. In this case, we mean persons who simultaneously have both Israeli and Russian citizenship (or Russian citizenship and an Israeli residence permit).
In addition to Jews, national minorities live in Israel. The bulk of Israeli Muslim Arabs (all of them Sunni) live in Wadi Ara. Wadi (lowland) Ara is an area in the lower Galilee in which large Arab cities and towns are located, in particular Umm el-Fahm, Taibeh, Qalansua, Jaljuliyya and others, often merging with one another.
Another minority, Christian Arabs. 161,000 Israelis (2% of the population) profess Christianity. 80% of them are Christian Arabs. In Nazareth (Nazareth) there are about 22.4 thousand people, in Haifa - 14.6 thousand, in Jerusalem - 11.9 thousand, in Shfaram - 9.6 thousand. In general, in Palestine, as throughout the Arab world, the number of Christians is rapidly declining. Christians in Bethlehem after World War II accounted for 85 percent of the population, today they are about 10 percent, in Jerusalem their numbers have dropped from 55 percent at the beginning of the twentieth century to two percent now, in Nazareth there are now less than 25 percent Christians.
In Israel, there is also a migration of the Christian population from Arab to Jewish settlements. The reason is that they perceive Israel as their own state, whose fate they want to share. Christians have no other choice - Muslims persecute them and do not allow them to exist in their midst. So, either go somewhere to a Christian country or become loyal citizens of Israel.
Arameans. The authorities divide the Israelis who speak Aramaic dialects into three groups: about 10 thousand Maronites (two thousand of them are former Tsadal soldiers), one and a half thousand Orthodox Maronites and about five hundred Catholic Maronites. Aramaic Christians live in the Gush Halav (Jish) area, but are separate small communities exist in Haifa, Nazareth, Acre and Jerusalem.
In the old city of Jerusalem there is an Armenian district.
In addition to Christians, about 150 thousand Druze live in Israel. Daliyat al-Karmel (20 thousand people) is the largest Druze city in Israel. It is located in the Haifa district. In addition, on Israeli-owned Golan Heights 23 thousand Druze live in the heights (in 4 villages: Bukata, Masada, Ein Kinya and Majal Shams), but they do not have Israeli citizenship.
In the north of the country there are two villages - Kfar Kama and Rehaniya, where about 3 thousand Circassians live compactly.
Rajar is the only Alawite village in Israel. It was captured, along with four Druze villages, during the Six Day War. The Alawites living in the village willingly accepted Israeli sovereignty and all received Israeli citizenship.
But the largest national minorities in Israel are Muslims of different nationalities (Bedouins and Palestinians). The term itself, “Palestinian people,” was coined in the USSR in 1964, as part of the rationale for the creation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). According to its authors, the “Arab people of Palestine” meant the Arabs living in Palestine. It was first used in the introductory part of the Palestinian Charter (declaration of political demands), written in Moscow in the same 1964. The charter was approved by 422 members of the Palestinian National Council, who were carefully selected by the KGB."
The “Palestinian people” originally meant the entire Arabic-speaking population of Palestine. Currently, this term refers to the Sunni population of Palestine of non-Bedouin origin.
At the end of 2016, the Muslim population of Israel was 1.52 million (or 17.7% of the total population).
The largest community of Muslims (320 thousand) lives in east Jerusalem, making up 36.2% of the total population of the city and 21% of the Muslim population of Israel, as well as in Arab cities in northern Israel (Wadi Ara region): Sakhnin, Bak al- Gharbia, Um el-Fahkm, the Arab part of Nazareth and other smaller ones.
Haifa, Lod and Jaffa have significant Arab communities, although the vast majority of the population in these cities is Jewish.
About 150 thousand Bedouins live in the south of Israel. 60 thousand in the main Bedouin city of Rahat, as well as small Bedouin settlements, mainly around Beersheba.
In 2013, the total fertility rate for Muslim women was 3.4 children per woman, up from 4.7 children per woman in 2000. V recent years The overall birth rate among Muslims has decreased: while in 2000 there was an average of 4.7 children per Muslim woman, in 2016 this figure was 3.29 children. But this is still more than in other sectors: there are 3.16 children per Jewish woman, and 2.05 children per Christian woman. The lowest birth rate among the Druze is 2.21 children per Druze woman.
Accordingly, the growth rate of the country's Muslim population as a whole is also decreasing: from 3.8% in 2000 to 2.4% in 2013. The highest rates of population growth are observed among the Bedouins, whose number is approaching 200 thousand. The increase in the birth rate among Jews was 1.7%, among Druze 1.5% and among Christians - 1.6%. Living mainly in the north of the country, Palestinians in their demographic behavior are also rapidly approaching the standards of the Jewish population.
The birth rate among Jewish families in Israel is increasing, while among Israeli Arabs it is decreasing. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2013, the total fertility rate in Israel increased by 0.2 percent (a total of 171,207 babies were born). In the Jewish sector, 127,409 children were born last year, which is 1.3% more than in 2012 (125,409). And in families professing Islam, 34,766 children were born, which is 5.5% less than in 2012 (36,766).
Overall, 39,028 Israeli Arab babies were born in 2013, down 3.5% from 40,433 babies born in 2012. In 2013, 2,602 children were born into Arab families of the Christian faith, and 2,350 children were born in the Druze sector.
In 2015, for the first time, the number of children born to Arab (Israeli citizens) and Jewish mothers was equal. 3.1 children per woman in both groups. Arab fertility is falling, falling to below three children per mother, while Jewish fertility is rising to three and a half. Due to the strong increase in the Jewish population, the number of inhabitants in Israel is growing by a million every seven years. The Arab birth rate in Judea and Samaria has already dropped to 2.7 children per mother and continues to decline.
On average, 21 out of every 1,000 Jewish women gave birth in 2013. In 2000, the figure was 18.3 per 1,000. The average birth rate among Arab women, by contrast, fell to its lowest level on record: 24.8 per 1,000, compared with a peak of 35 births per 1,000 women in the same year. year.
The proportion of Jews in the 0-14 age group increased from 25.8% of the total Jewish population in 2000 to 27.2% in 2015. The share of the same age group among Israeli Arabs decreased from 41% in 2000 to 34% in 2015.
The average birth rate in secular Jewish families is two children, in the national-religious camp - 4.3, in the ultra-religious environment - 6.5.
Another, in my opinion, interesting fact. Judea and Samaria are home to 60 thousand settlers who are citizens of the United States of America, representing 15% of their total number. This is despite the fact that a total of 170 thousand repatriates from the United States live in Israel. Every tenth American settler in Judea and Samaria has a Ph.D.
The average life expectancy for women in Israel as of 2012 is 83.6 years, for men - 79.9 years.
There are about 50,000 foreign workers permanently in Israel working in the field of providing care to the sick and elderly. Most of these workers come from the Philippines. There are also a varying number of Thai citizens employed in agriculture and Chinese and other nationals employed in construction.
In addition, tens of thousands of residents of Israeli-occupied territories are given the right to work, mainly in construction and agriculture. But their number is constantly changing. And they do not live in Israel, but come to work in the morning and go home in the evening.
In principle, Israel does not accept refugees. Refugees in Israel: 250 Vietnamese when they arrived in the country in the 1970s, a hundred Bosnians in 1993, 112 Albanian Muslims in 1999 and 6,000 Lebanese Christians in 2000.
But approximately 300 thousand illegal immigrants live in the country (not counting illegal immigrants - residents of the territories occupied by Israel).
There have been five years in Israel's short history when emigration from the country was greater than repatriation. This happened in 1954, 1976, 1982 and 1986-87.
In recent years, the number of emigrants (people who have not been in Israel for a year, but have previously lived in the country continuously for more than 90 days) from Israel is 0.7 people for every thousand inhabitants - this is a record low for OECD countries.
In 2000, this coefficient for Israel was 3.8 people per thousand inhabitants, for Switzerland it was 6.9, for Ukraine - 10.5 people. As of January 1, 2014, 680 thousand Israeli citizens, Jews and Arabs (who, by the way, make up approximately a third of the emigrant flow) permanently live abroad.
Of these, 280 thousand were born in Israel, and 400 thousand received Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 300,000 Israeli emigrants live in the United States. Of these, 64% are Jews.

National composition of Israel at the beginning of 2017 and changes in 2016 (Arabs, including Druze):

Croup	Population	Proportion of total	Crowth rate
Jews:	6 556 000	74.6%	1.7%
Non-Haredi	5 523 000	62.8%	1.1%
Haredi	1 033 000	11.8%	5.0%
Arabs	1 835 000	20.9%	2.1%
Other	399 000	4.5%	???
Total	8 790 000	100%	1.9%

Since 2000, the share of Jews has decreased by 3.3%; Arabs increased by 2.3%, others - by 1%.
For comparison: in 1999, Jews grew by 2.7%, Arabs by 3.8%. At that time, such a high figure among Jews was explained by high migration from the republics of the former USSR (according to official data, the net migration increase for 1989-2006 was 980 thousand), in 2005 the lowest increase in history was recorded - 1.4%, since then it has growing.
Separately, I would like to dwell on the Haredim. No, 5% growth per year is not a typo and there is no high migration growth ala Nevada in the 90s. Just for comparison: in 1990 there were 230-250 thousand of them, they made up 5% of the country's population and 6% of Jews. For 2017, these figures are: more than a million, 12% and 16%. In this way, they are already actively catching up with the number of Arabs. The high life expectancy (about 83 years) and the huge TFR (how much, I’m scared to imagine, but no less than 6.00, that’s 100%) give them every year an ironclad at least 45 ppm of natural growth. Here even Niger (the fastest growing country in the world) with 37 ppm nervously smokes on the sidelines. By the way, the indicators of secular Jews and Arabs have also become quite close, to a minimum for the entire historical period.

The share of Jews by district of the country at the beginning of 2017:

	Jews
Total	75%
Central district	88%
Tel Aviv District	93%
Haifa District	68%
Jerusalem District	67%
Northern District	43%
Southern District	73%
Judea and Samaria	18%

The low proportion of Jews in the Northern District is associated with the relatively recent squeeze of the Golan Heights; the government here ensures a high migration increase for its people. Soon there will be an absolute majority here.
I will specifically focus on the district of Judea and Samaria (it is worth noting that here the government only counts Jews in its settlements; the share is 100%, but I gave the figure for the region). This is the very traditional Palestinian territory, what is often called the West Bank of the Jordan River (one of the two Palestinian enclaves). So, here is the highest proportion of Haredim (the second place is in the Jerusalem district, which is quite logical), the population consists almost exclusively of them (naturally, the highest birth rate). And in this part of the region, the Arabs have the lowest fertility. Bottom line: the first settlements appeared here in the late 70s (yes, yes, there were no Jews here before that time), now there are 110 of them, the number of Jews has grown from one hundred thousand in 1990 to more than 400 thousand in 2017 (in 2 largest cities, Modiin Illit and Beitar Illit, the median age is 11 years old, no, you heard right, the lowest figure in the world, Niger is crying again). The TFR of Arabs and Jews in 2016 was respectively about 2.5 and 5.5 (with the former falling, and the latter growing, it would seem, there is much more to grow), population growth annually is 1.5% and 5.0%. That is, you understand what this threatens, yes) If I were the Arabs, I would stop making noise about Jerusalem, tick away from Judea and pray that Israel would not place its settlements in the sparsely populated Sinai (which it has already tried to do and probably before still keeps it in my head).

The number of Jewish people in the world reached 14,310,000 people. 54% of the world's Jewish population lives today outside of Israel, only 46% - in their historical homeland. 98% of Jews are concentrated in 17 countries (including Israel). Here's where the largest Jewish communities exist today, according to Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs:
Among the countries of the American continent, the largest number of Jews live in the USA - 5,700,000,
Canada - 385,000
Mexico – 67,000
Panama – 10,000
Argentina – 230,000
Uruguay – 17,000
Chile – 18,000
The largest community in Europe - 485,000 Jews - lives in France.
UK - 270,000
Spain – 30,000
Switzerland – 19,000
Italy - 28,000
Germany – 100,000
Belgium – 30,000
Holland – 29,900
Sweden – 15,000
Hungary – 47,000
Russia - 186,000
Ukraine – 63,000
Belarus – 11,000
Türkiye - 17,000
Australia - 112,000
South Africa - 70,000.
Of course, this is not the entire list; Jewish communities today exist in many other countries.
As of January 1, 2016, the number of Jews in the world was 14.5 million, which is still less than in 1939 (16.6 million). Moreover, over the 70 post-war years, the Jewish population on planet Earth grew at a rate of 0.33% per year.
At the same time, the number of Jews in the Diaspora has decreased by more than a quarter compared to 1948. At the time of the declaration of independence in 1948, 606 thousand people lived in Israel.
In 1948-1952, when Jews were able to freely enter Israel, the country's Jewish population increased from 600 thousand to 1.5 million people. And as of January 1, 2016, 6.5 million Jews lived in Israel, which is 44% of the total Jewish population.
The Jewish population in Israel grew by an average of 1.9% per year in 2014-2015. Over 5 years (2010-15), the number of Jews in Israel increased by 9.2%, and in the Diaspora it decreased by 0.5%.
From 1990 to 2015, the number of Jews in the Diaspora decreased by 10%, while in Israel their number increased by 60%. If current trends continue, the number of Jews in Israel will equal the number of the Jewish Diaspora by 2026.
Besides the Jewish population in Israel, the other largest community by size is the Jewish community in the United States. Moreover, if the data on the population of Israel are accurate, then the number of the Jewish population in the United States, like any other community, is an estimate.
There are now 5.3 million adult Jews living in the United States (of which 5% were born in the USSR). 1.3 million Jewish children in the United States receive at least partial Jewish education.
35% of American Jews belong to Reform Judaism. 18% are conservative, and 10% are orthodox. 30% of American Jews consider themselves Jews, but do not associate themselves with any religious movement. And 22% of American Jews are atheists of varying degrees of conviction.
If we proceed from the Israeli “Law of Return”, according to which “Everyone who has a Jewish grandparent has the right to acquire Israeli citizenship,” then at least 9 million US citizens have the right to return to their historical homeland in Israel .
At least 90% of American Jews are Ashkenazi. In Israel, it is generally accepted that the number of Ashkenazim and Sephardim in the country is approximately equal. It is hardly possible to accurately calculate this, since marriages between Ashkenazim and Sephardim are an everyday occurrence.
About 130,000 repatriates from Ethiopia live in Israel - both Jews and members of their families, as well as the so-called. "Falashmura", that is, descendants of baptized Ethiopian Jews. Ethiopian men practically do not enter into mixed marriages. Every fifth Ethiopian woman enters into a mixed marriage (with Jewish Israeli citizens of non-Ethiopian origin).
The Ethiopian districts are Kiryat Nordau in Netanya, Kiryat Moshe in Rehovot and Ramat Eliyahu in Rishon Lezion.
The total fertility rate (TFR) for American Jews is 2.1 children per woman. But this is exactly the average temperature for the United States. Because the Orthodox, who have an average of 4.1 children per family in the United States, number half a million in this country. Other American Jews have an average of 1.8 children per woman per family.
Moreover, two thirds of American Jews who do not adhere to religious traditions enter into interethnic marriages.
Most American religious Jews live in New York City. And in New York, mainly in Brooklyn: Williamsburg, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Crown Heights and Borough Park. Brooklyn's Hasidic communities are growing at a very rapid pace. In religious Jewish families it is customary to have 5-10 children.
The largest community of Bukharian Jews after the Israeli one (50 thousand people) lives in New York. They live compactly in Queens. In the area of ​​Bukharan Jews there is Sergei Dovlatov way.
As for Israel, in 2014, 75% of Israeli Jews were “sabras” - that is, born in Israel. In 2014, the country's population increased by 162 thousand people (2%). During this time, 176 thousand people were born in Israel, 44 thousand people died, and 32 thousand new immigrants arrived.
According to the Bureau of Statistics, in 2016, for the first time in the history of the Jewish State, the birth rate among Jewish and Arab women was equal. The fertility rate in both sectors is 3.13 children per woman.
In Israel in 2014 there were 14 cities with a population of more than 100,000 people, and six of them had a population of over 200 thousand. These are Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, Rishon Lezion, Ashdod and Petah Tikva.
In Israel there are 5 urban agglomerations besides the greater Tel Aviv, which are called “Gush Dan”.
5 settlements that have actually merged into one city and have independent status are:
1. Shfela area (the cities of Ness Ziona, Rehovot, Rishon LeZion, Beer Yaakov and Yavne);
2. The Sharon area (Ramat Hasharon, Herzliya, Raanana, Kfar Saba and Hod Hasharon) - by the way, the most prestigious area of ​​the country;
3. Suburbs of Haifa - “Krayot” (Kiryat Motzkin, Kiryat Bialik, Kiryat Haim and Kiryat Yam);
4. Agglomeration in the south of the Haifa district (Zichron Yaakov, Pardes Hana-Karkur, Harish and Or Akiva).
5. Jerusalem and surroundings.
In 1969-1988, 174 thousand repatriates came to Israel from the USSR. Plus, as of March 1, 2015, about 860 thousand people aged 18 years and older who were born in the former USSR and arrived in Israel for permanent residence in 1989 – 2014 had Israeli citizenship. In this case, we are talking only about Israeli citizens who have received Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return.
In addition, every year 5 thousand people receive Israeli citizenship by marrying Israeli citizens. The overwhelming majority are citizens (or rather, female citizens) of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.
In addition to Jews, national minorities live in Israel. For example, Christians. 161,000 Israelis (2% of the population) profess Christianity. 80% of them are Christian Arabs. In Nazareth (Nazareth) there are about 22.4 thousand people, in Haifa - 14.6 thousand, in Jerusalem - 11.9 thousand, in Shfaram - 9.6 thousand.
In addition to Christians, about 150 thousand Druze live in Israel. But the largest national minorities in Israel are Muslims of different nationalities (Bedouins and Palestinians). Their total number is close to one and a half million. They live compactly in eastern Jerusalem (more than 300 thousand people), as well as in Arab cities in northern Israel: Sakhnin, Bak el-Gharbiya, Um el-Fahkm, the Arab part of Nazareth and other smaller ones.
Haifa, Lod and Jaffa have significant Arab communities, although the vast majority of the population in these cities is Jewish.
About 150 thousand Bedouins live in the south of Israel. 60 thousand in the main Bedouin city of Rahat, as well as small Bedouin settlements, mainly around Beersheba.
It is interesting to note that in 2013, the total fertility rate for Muslim women was 3.4 children per woman, compared to 4.7 children per woman in 2000.
Accordingly, the growth rate of the country's Muslim population as a whole is also decreasing: from 3.8% in 2000 to 2.4% in 2013. The highest rates of population growth are observed among the Bedouins, whose number is approaching 200 thousand. The increase in the birth rate among Jews was 1.7%, among Druze 1.5% and among Christians - 1.6%. Living mainly in the north of the country, Palestinians in their demographic behavior are also rapidly approaching the standards of the Jewish population.
The birth rate among Jewish families in Israel is increasing, while among Israeli Arabs it is decreasing. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2013, the total fertility rate in Israel increased by 0.2 percent (a total of 171,207 babies were born). In the Jewish sector, 127,409 children were born last year, which is 1.3% more than in 2012 (125,409). And in families professing Islam, 34,766 children were born, which is 5.5% less than in 2012 (36,766).
Overall, 39,028 Israeli Arab babies were born in 2013, down 3.5% from 40,433 babies born in 2012. In 2013, 2,602 children were born in Arab Christian families, and 2,350 children were born in the Druze sector.
On average, 21 out of every 1,000 Jewish women gave birth in 2013. In 2000, the figure was 18.3 per 1,000. The average birth rate among Arab women, by contrast, fell to its lowest level on record: 24.8 per 1,000, compared with a peak of 35 births per 1,000 women in the same year. year.
The proportion of Jews in the 0-14 age group increased from 25.8% of the total Jewish population in 2000 to 27.2% in 2015. The share of the same age group among Israeli Arabs decreased from 41% in 2000 to 34% in 2015.
The average birth rate in secular Jewish families is two children, in the national-religious camp - 4.3, in the ultra-religious environment - 6.5.
Another, in my opinion, interesting fact. Judea and Samaria are home to 60 thousand settlers who are citizens of the United States of America, which is 15% of their total number. This is despite the fact that a total of 170 thousand repatriates from the United States live in Israel. Every tenth American settler in Judea and Samaria has a Ph.D.
The average life expectancy for women in Israel as of 2012 is 83.6 years, for men - 79.9 years.
There are about 50,000 foreign workers permanently in Israel working in the field of providing care to the sick and elderly. Most of these workers come from the Philippines. There are also a varying number of Thai citizens employed in agriculture and Chinese and other nationals employed in construction.
In addition, tens of thousands of residents of the territories receive the right to work, mainly in construction and agriculture. But their number is constantly changing. And they do not live in Israel, but come to work in the morning and go home in the evening.
In principle, Israel does not accept refugees. Refugees in Israel: 250 Vietnamese when they arrived in the country in the 1970s, a hundred Bosnians in 1993, 112 Albanian Muslims in 1999 and 6,000 Lebanese Christians in 2000.
But approximately 300 thousand illegal immigrants live in the country (not counting illegal immigrants - residents of the territories).
There have been five years in Israel's short history when emigration from the country was greater than repatriation. This happened in 1954, 1976, 1982 and 1986-87.
In recent years, the number of emigrants (people who have not been in Israel for a year, but have previously lived in the country continuously for more than 90 days) from Israel is 0.7 people for every thousand inhabitants - this is a record low for OECD countries.
In 2000, this coefficient for Israel was 3.8 people per thousand inhabitants, for Switzerland it was 6.9, for Ukraine - 10.5 people. As of January 1, 2014, 680 thousand Israeli citizens, Jews and Arabs (who, by the way, make up approximately a third of the emigrant flow) permanently live abroad.
Of these, 280 thousand were born in Israel, and 400 thousand received Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 300,000 Israeli emigrants live in the United States. Of these, 64% are Jews.
The data is being clarified.

(olim). 44% of Jews living in Israel consider themselves secular, 36% observe traditions, 20% are religious (including 9% of the ultra-Orthodox - “Haredi”). In addition to the permanent population, about 183 thousand foreigners live in the country.

From 2000 to 2016, the share of the Jewish population decreased by 3.1%, while the share of Muslims increased by 2.2%. The share of the rest increased by 0.9%.

The population density in Israel is estimated at 377-391 people/km².

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the total population of Israel as of July 2018 is 8 million 892 thousand people.

History of population change

According to statistics, the first census in Israel in November 1948 showed the following population figures:

Population dynamics.

	11.1948	05.2006	04.2009	05.2011	04.2012	04.2013	01.2014	09.2015	05.2016
Jews	716 700	5 333 000	5 593 000	5 837 000	5 931 000	6 042 000	6 102 000	6 300 000	6 377 000
Jews, %	82.12	75.90	75.47	75.36	75.26	75.36	75.04	74.89	74.83
Arabov	156 000	1 387 000	1 498 000	1 587 000	1 623 000	1 658 000	1 682 000	1 746 000	1 771 000
Arabs, %	17.88	19.74	20.21	20.49	20.59	20.68	20.68	20.76	20.78
Other	-	306 000	320 000	322 000	327 000	318 000	348 000	366 000	404 000
Total	872 700	7 026 000	7 411 000	7 746 000	7 881 000	8 018 000	8 132 000	8 412 000	8 522 000

Ethno-religious composition

The Israeli Central Statistics Authority distinguishes the following population groups by nationality: Jews, Arabs (including Druze, Circassians and Lebanese Arabs) and others; and the following population groups by religion: Jews, Muslims, Christians, Druze, others (Samaritans, Baha'is, Hindus, Buddhists and non-denominational).

Jews

The country's Jewish population is not culturally unified due to the fact that more than a quarter of Jews are first-generation immigrants. In Israel, it is customary to divide the population into natives of the country ( tsabarim, sabras) and repatriates ( olim), and also to distinguish among the natives of the country those from different communities. The largest communities are those of immigrants from the USSR, Morocco, Romania and Poland. As of 2016, among Jews living in Israel, 75% (4,935 thousand) were born in Israel, of whom 2,929 thousand were second or more generation in Israel, and 25% (1,511 thousand) were immigrants.

Number of immigrants by country (repatriates and their children):

In 2009, for the first time in 2000 years, the Jewish population of Israel exceeded the number of Jews in the Diaspora.

Russian-speaking Israelis

Arabs

Christian Arabs live mainly in the north of the country, as well as in the cities of Haifa, Jerusalem and Jaffa. Israel's main Druze settlements are in Galilee and the Carmel Range; About 20 thousand Druze live in the Golan Heights annexed by Israel.

Among the Arab population, the Bedouins are sometimes identified as a sub-ethnic group, most of whom live in the Negev and some in the Galilee - 270 thousand as of 2008.

The Arab population in Israel also includes Israeli Circassians and Lebanese. Circassians live in two villages in the north of the country (Kfar Kama and Rehania) - about 3 thousand people, they are descendants of the Muhajirs after the Caucasian War, and retain one of the western dialects of the Adyghe language in everyday life. Lebanese - about 2,600 former fighters of the South Lebanon Army and the population who fled with them after Israel left Lebanon in 2000.

Other Populations

Christian Armenians living in the Armenian quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem and in the ancient city of Jaffa, in proximity to Christian Arabs and Muslim Arabs.

Immigration

Repatriation

Since the founding of the State of Israel, 3.2 million people have come to the country. Since 2002, after the decline of the wave of repatriates from the former USSR, the level of repatriation resembles the level of the 80s - from 9 to 20 thousand per year.

In 2016, 25,997 people immigrated to Israel, which is about 3 people per thousand of the population. 57% came from the countries of the former USSR - mainly from Russia and Ukraine, 17% came from France and 11% came from the USA. Largest number The new arrivals settled in Jerusalem. The median age of a repatriate is 32.7 years, the proportion of people who have studied for over 12 years among those over 25 years old is 79%. In addition to repatriates, 4,200 re-emigrants entered the country in 2016.

Foreign workers and illegal migrants

As of 2016, according to rough estimates, there were about 169 thousand foreign workers in Israel, including 95 thousand who entered on a work visa, and about 45 thousand illegal migrants (mainly from Eritrea - 71% and Sudan - 20%). During the year, 53 thousand people with a work visa entered the country, and 46 thousand left. The flow of illegal migrants from Africa has almost completely stopped; in a year, 18 illegal migrants entered the country, about 3 thousand left Israel. In 2016, about 15 thousand requests for refugee status were submitted, which is double the number in the previous year and five times more than the year before; mainly from citizens of Ukraine, Eritrea and Georgia:

The immigrant workers who arrived in 2016 (53 thousand people) are distributed by country as follows: from the countries of the former USSR (Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan) - 27%, Thailand - 16%, Philippines - 13%, India - 11%, Sri Lanka - 5%, China - 5%, Turkey - 4%, Nepal - 2%, Romania - 2%.

Geographical distribution

In 2016, the population distribution among Israeli districts was as follows:

Israeli population of Judea and Samaria

About 399 thousand Israeli citizens live in Israeli settlements in Judea and Samaria, such as the cities of Ariel, Beitar Illit, Maale Adumim, Modiin Ilit and smaller settlements. Some Jewish settlements, such as Hebron and Gush Etzion, predate the state and were repopulated by Jews after the Six-Day War (1967). 7,800 people lived in the Gaza Strip before their forced eviction in 2005.

In addition, as of 2016, 22 thousand Israelis lived in the Golan Heights; 201 thousand people lived in East Jerusalem. The total number of Israelis living outside the recognized borders of Israel exceeds 510 thousand people [ ] .

Urban and rural population

As of 2016, Israel had 15 cities with a population of more than 100,000 people. 2,723 thousand (31.5% of the population) Israelis lived in the eight largest cities with a population of over 200,000 people (Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, Rishon Lezion, Petah Tikva, Ashdod, Netanya and Be'er Sheva). 7,867 thousand people (91.2% of the population) lived in populated areas numbering over 2 thousand people. 762 thousand people lived in rural areas in Israel - 8.8% of the total population. 171 thousand lived in kibbutzim - 1.9% of the total population of the country.

Population density

The population density in Israel is estimated at 377 people/km² (excluding Israeli settlements in Judea and Samaria) - 391 people/km²; The population density in 2000 was 288 people/km².

As of 2015, the highest population density is in the Tel Aviv district (7957 people/km²). There is also a relatively high density in the Jerusalem District (1620 people/km²) and the Central District (1600 people/km²). The lowest population density is in the desert Southern District - 85 people/km². Among cities with a population of over 100 thousand people, the highest population density is in Bnei Brak - 24,870 people/km². The population density in Tel Aviv is 8358 people/km², in Jerusalem - 6887 people/km².

Demography

At the end of 2016, the population of Israel was 8 million 628 thousand inhabitants.

According to a 2016 forecast by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the country's population will be 9.467 million by 2020, 10.477 million by 2025, and 12.783 million by 2035.

Sex and age structure

The Israeli population is considered relatively young compared to Western countries; but like the population of other developed countries, it is aging.

• 0-14 years: 27.51%
• 15-64 years old: 61.16%
• 65 years and older: 11.33%

The number of people over 75 years of age is growing and was 4.87% in 2016, compared to 3.84% in 1990.

Lifespan:

• Total: 29.9 years
• men: 29.3 years
• women: 30.6 years

• 0-14 years: 1,048 men/women
• 15-64 years: 1,034 men/women
• 65 years and older: 0.813 men/women

For every 984 men there are 1000 women. Men outnumber women for all age groups under 35; in the age group 35-44 there are 956 men per 1000 women, in those aged 75 and above there are 704 men per 1000 women.

Marriages and divorces

The number of marriages and divorces per 1000 people was (as of 2012): 6.4 and 1.7, respectively. In 1990, the marriage rate was 7 per 1,000 and the divorce rate was 1.2 per 1,000. Marriage rates in Israel have been declining since the 1990s for Muslim Arabs and since the 1970s for all other population groups; the divorce rate has been increasing since the early 1970s . Marriages tend to be postponed until later in life; over the past 20 years, the age of first marriage has increased by 1.2-3.2 years for different population groups; The average age of first marriage for men is 31.5, for women - 28.5. By the age of 45, 146 men and 135 women out of a thousand remain single (among Jews).

Every year, about 3,000 Arab girls are married before the age of 18. Of these, more than one thousand were under 17 years of age. 82% of marriages under 17 in Israel occur in the Arab sector.

Population reproduction

In 2016, 181,405 babies were born in Israel and 44,185 died. The birth rate was 21.2 births per 1000 people, the mortality rate was 5.2 deaths per 1000; the corresponding figures for 1995-1999 are 21.4 and 6.2.

In 2017, only 5.3% of Jewish women gave birth to a child without the father's name.

Infant mortality as of 2015 is 3.1 deaths per 1000 live births (compared to 6.3 in the period 1995-1999). Life expectancy at birth was 80.1 years for men and 84.1 years for women. Israel ranks 12th in the world in terms of life expectancy, and one of the last in terms of infant mortality. Maternal mortality rate was 5 deaths per 100,000 live births (as of 2015).

See also

Notes

1. CSB: Israel's population increased by 2% over the year (undefined) (December 29, 2016). Retrieved November 7, 2017.
2. POPULATION, BY POPULATION GROUP - 2016
3. POPULATION, BY RELIGION - 2016
4. Population of Israel on 69th Independence Day: 8.68 million (undefined) (April 27, 2017). Retrieved November 7, 2017.
5. ON THE EVE OF ISRAEL’S 58TH INDEPENDENCE DAY: OVER 7 MILLION RESIDENTS IN THE STATE OF ISRAEL (undefined) .
6. Selected data from 63rd Independence Day (undefined) .
7. On the eve of Israel's 64th Independence Day - approximately 7.881 million inhabitants (undefined) .
8. 65th Independence Day - over 8 million inhabitants in the State of Israel (undefined) .
9. Population of Israel on the Eve of 2014 - 8 Million (undefined) .
10. On the eve of the Jewish New Year: 8.412 million inhabitants in the State of Israel (undefined) .
11. Population of Israel on the eve of the 68th Independence Day - 2016 (undefined) .
12. The Israeli Ministry of Internal Affairs has recognized the Druze as a separate people since 1961.

Food