The biography of Pythagoras of Samos takes readers into the world ancient greek culture. This man can safely be called a legendary personality. Pythagoras was a great mathematician, mystic, philosopher, founded a religious and philosophical movement (Pythagoreanism), and was a politician who left his works as a legacy to his descendants.

Childhood and youth

It is difficult to determine the exact date of birth of Pythagoras. Historians have established the approximate period of his birth - 580 BC. Place of birth: Greek island of Samos.

The philosopher’s mother’s name was Parthenia (Parthenis, Pythias), and his father’s name was Mnesarchus. According to legend, one day a young couple visited the city of Delphi as a honeymoon. There the newlyweds met an oracle who prophesied the lovers the imminent appearance of a son. The legend said that the child would become a difficult person, famous for his wisdom, appearance, and great deeds.

Soon the prophecy began to come true, the girl gave birth to a boy and, in accordance with ancient tradition received the name Pythias. The baby is named Pythagoras in honor of the priestess of Apollo Pythia. The father of the future mathematician tried in every possible way to fulfill the divine tradition. Happy Mnesarchus erects an altar to Apollo, and surrounds the child with care and love.

Some sources also say that the family raised two more boys - older brothers Greek philosopher: Eunost and Tirren.

Pythagoras's father was a master in processing gold stones, and the family was wealthy. Even as a child, the boy showed curiosity in various sciences and was distinguished by unusual abilities.

The first teacher of the future philosopher was Hermodamant. He taught Pythagoras the basics of music, technologies of painting, reading, rhetoric, and grammar. To help Pythagoras develop his memory, the teacher forced him to read the Odyssey and the Iliad and memorize songs from the poems.

A few years later, an 18-year-old boy with a ready-made store of knowledge went to Egypt to continue his education with the wise priests, but in those years it was difficult to get there: it was closed to the Greeks. Then Pythagoras temporarily stopped on the island of Lesbos and here he studied physics, dialectics, theogony, astrology, and medicine with Ferecydes of Syros.

Pythagoras lived on the island for several years, and then went to Miletus, the city where the famous Thales lived, who was noted in history as the founder of the first philosophical school in Greece.

Milesian school allowed Pythagoras to acquire knowledge, but, following the advice of Thales, the young man went to Egypt to continue the path of education.

Here Pythagoras meets the priests, visits egyptian temples, closed to foreigners, joins their secrets and traditions, and soon he himself receives the rank of priest. Studying in a culturally developed city made Pythagoras the most educated man of those times.

Mysticism and homecoming

Ancient legends claim that in Babylon a talented philosopher and a man of divine beauty (confirmation of this is a mathematician’s photo taken on the basis of paintings by ancient artists and sculptures) met with Persian magicians. Pythagoras became involved in the study of mystical events, learned the wisdom and peculiarities of astronomy, arithmetic, and medicine of the eastern peoples.

The Chaldeans tied supernatural ideas to the emergence of these sciences, and this approach was reflected in the subsequent sound of Pythagoras’ knowledge in the field of mathematics and philosophy.

12 years after Pythagoras’s forced stay in Babylon, the sage is freed by the Persian king, who has already heard about the famous teachings of the Greek. Pythagoras returns to his homeland, where he begins to introduce his own people to the acquired knowledge.

The philosopher quickly gained wide popularity among residents. Even women, who were prohibited from attending public meetings, came to hear him speak. At one of these events, Pythagoras met his future wife.

A person with a high level of knowledge had to work as a teacher with people of low morality. He became for the people the personification of purity, a kind of deity. Pythagoras mastered the methods of the Egyptian priests, knew how to purify the souls of listeners, and filled their minds with knowledge.

The sage spoke mainly on the streets, in temples, but after that he began to teach everyone in his own home. This is a special training system that is complex. The probationary period for students was 3-5 years. Listeners were forbidden to speak during lessons or ask questions, which trained them to be modest and patient.

Mathematics

A skillful orator and wise teacher taught people various sciences: medicine, political activity, music, mathematics, etc. Later, future famous figures, historians, government officials, astronomers, and researchers came out of the school of Pythagoras.

Pythagoras made a significant contribution to geometry. Today, the name of the popular ancient figure is known based on the study of the famous Pythagorean theorem in schools through mathematical problems. Here's what the formula for solving some Pythagorean problems looks like: a2 + b2 = c2. In this case, a and b are the lengths of the legs, and c is the length of the hypotenuse of the right triangle.

At the same time, there is also an inverse Pythagorean theorem, developed by other equally competent mathematicians, but today in science there are only 367 proofs of the Pythagorean theorem, which indicates its fundamental importance for geometry in general.

The Pythagorean table is today known as the multiplication table

Another invention of the great Greek scientist was the “Pythagorean table”. Nowadays it is usually called the multiplication table, according to which students of the philosopher’s school were taught in those years.

An interesting discovery from past years was the mathematical relationship between the vibrating strings of the lyre and their length in musical performance. This approach can easily be applied to other instruments.

Numerology

The philosopher paid close attention to numbers, trying to understand their nature, the meaning of things and phenomena. He tied numerical properties to vital categories of existence: humanity, death, illness, suffering, etc.

It was the Pythagoreans who divided numbers into even and odd. Pythagoras saw something important (justice and equality) for life on the planet in the square of a number. Nine characterized constancy, number eight - death.

Even numbers were assigned to the female gender, odd numbers to the male representation, and the symbol of marriage among the followers of the teachings of Pythagoras was five (3+2).

Numerological squares of Pythagoras

Thanks to the knowledge of Pythagoras, people today have the opportunity to find out the level of compatibility with their future half, and to look at the curtain of the future. To do this, you can use the numerological system of the Pythagorean square. “Game” with certain numbers (date, day, month of birth) will allow you to build a graph that clearly shows the picture of a person’s fate.

The followers of Pythagoras believed that numbers could have an incredible effect on the world society. The main thing is to understand their chain meaning. There are good and bad numbers, such as thirteen or seventeen. Numerology, as a science, is not recognized as official; it is considered a system of beliefs and knowledge, but nothing more.

Philosophical teaching

The teachings of Pythagoras' philosophy should be divided into two parts:

1. Scientific approach of world knowledge.
2. Religiosity and mysticism.

Not all of Pythagoras' works have been preserved. The great master and sage wrote down practically nothing, but was mainly engaged in oral teaching of those wishing to learn the intricacies of this or that science. Information about the philosopher's knowledge was subsequently passed on by his followers - the Pythagoreans.

It is known that Pythagoras was a religious innovator, he created secret society, preached acousmatic positions. He forbade his disciples to eat food of animal origin, and especially the heart, which is primarily a symbol of life. It was not allowed to touch the beans, according to legend, obtained from the blood of Dionysus-Zagreus. Pythagoras condemned the use of alcohol, foul language and other ignorant behavior.

The philosopher believed that a person can save and free his soul through physical and moral purification. His teachings can be compared with ancient Vedic knowledge, based on the quantitative transmigration of the soul from heaven into the body of an animal or human until it earns the right to return to God in heaven.

Pythagoras did not impose his philosophy on ordinary people who were only trying to comprehend the basics exact sciences. His specific teachings were intended for truly “enlightened”, chosen individuals.

Personal life

Returning from Babylonian captivity to his homeland in Greece, Pythagoras met an unusually beautiful girl named Feana, who secretly attended his meetings. The ancient philosopher was already at a mature age (56-60 years old). The lovers got married and had two children: a boy and a girl (names unknown).

Some historical sources claim that Feana was the daughter of Brontin, a philosopher, friend and student of Pythagoras.

Death

The school of Pythagoras was located in the Greek colony of Croton (Southern Italy). A democratic uprising took place here, as a result of which Pythagoras was forced to leave the place. He went to Metapontum, but military clashes reached this town.

The school of Pythagoras was located on this bank

The famous philosopher had many enemies who did not share his principles of life. There are three versions of the death of Pythagoras. According to the first, the murderer was a man to whom a mathematician once refused to teach secret occult techniques. Being in feelings of hatred, the rejected one set fire to the building of the Pythagorean Academy, and the philosopher died saving his students.

The second legend says that in a burning house, the scientist’s followers created a bridge from their own bodies, wanting to save their teacher. And Pythagoras died of a broken heart, underestimating his efforts in the development of humanity.

A common version of the sage’s death is considered to be his death under random circumstances during a skirmish in Metapontus. At the time of his death, Pythagoras was 80-90 years old.

Pythagoras of Samos went down in history as one of the most outstanding intellectuals of mankind. There are many unusual things in him, and it seems that fate itself has prepared for him a special path in life.

Pythagoras created his own religious and philosophical school and became famous as one of the greatest mathematicians. His intelligence and intelligence were hundreds of years ahead of the time in which he lived.

Pythagoras of Samos

Brief biography of Pythagoras

Of course, a short biography of Pythagoras will not give us the opportunity to fully reveal this unique personality, but we will still highlight the main moments of his life.

Childhood and youth

The exact date of birth of Pythagoras is unknown. Historians suggest that he was born between 586-569. BC, on the Greek island of Samos (hence his nickname - “Samos”). According to one legend, Pythagoras' parents were predicted that their son would become a great sage and educator.

Pythagoras's father's name was Mnesarchus, and his mother's name was Parthenia. The head of the family was engaged in processing precious stones, so the family was quite wealthy.

Upbringing and education

Already at an early age, Pythagoras showed interest in various sciences and arts. His first teacher was called Hermodamant. He laid the foundations of music, painting and grammar in the future scientist, and also forced him to memorize passages from Homer's Odyssey and Iliad.

When Pythagoras turned 18, he decided to go to Russia to gain even more knowledge and gain experience. This was a serious step in his biography, but it was not destined to come true. Pythagoras was unable to enter Egypt because it was closed to the Greeks.

Stopping on the island of Lesbos, Pythagoras began to study physics, medicine, dialectics and other sciences from Pherecydes of Syros. After living on the island for several years, he wanted to visit Miletus, where the famous philosopher Thales, who formed the first philosophical school in Greece, still lived.

Very soon, Pythagoras becomes one of the most educated and famous people of its time. However, after some time, drastic changes occur in the sage’s biography, as the Persian War began.

Pythagoras falls into Babylonian captivity and lives in captivity for a long time.

Mysticism and homecoming

Due to the fact that astrology and mysticism were popular in Babylon, Pythagoras became addicted to the study of various mystical sacraments, customs and supernatural phenomena. The entire biography of Pythagoras is full of all kinds of searches and solutions that so attracted his attention.

Having been in captivity for more than 10 years, he unexpectedly receives release personally from the Persian king, who knew firsthand about the wisdom of the learned Greek.

Once free, Pythagoras immediately returned to his homeland to tell his compatriots about the acquired knowledge.

School of Pythagoras

Thanks to his extensive knowledge, constant and oratory skills, he quickly manages to gain fame and recognition among the inhabitants of Greece.

At Pythagoras’s speeches there are always many people who are amazed at the philosopher’s wisdom and see in him almost a deity.

One of the main points in the biography of Pythagoras is the fact that he created a school based on his own principles of worldview. It was called that: the school of Pythagoreans, that is, followers of Pythagoras.

He also had his own teaching method. For example, students were prohibited from talking during classes and were not allowed to ask any questions.

Thanks to this, the students could cultivate modesty, meekness and patience.

These things may seem strange to a modern person, but we should not forget that in the time of Pythagoras the very concept schooling in our understanding simply did not exist.

Mathematics

In addition to medicine, politics and art, Pythagoras was very seriously involved in mathematics. He managed to make a significant contribution to the development of geometry.

Until now, in schools all over the world, the most popular theorem is considered to be the Pythagorean theorem: a 2 + b 2 =c 2. Every schoolchild remembers that “Pythagorean pants are equal in all directions.”

In addition, there is a “Pythagorean table”, with which it was possible to multiply numbers. In essence, this is a modern multiplication table, just in a slightly different form.

Numerology of Pythagoras

There is a remarkable thing in the biography of Pythagoras: all his life he was extremely interested in numbers. With their help, he tried to understand the nature of things and phenomena, life and death, suffering, happiness and other important issues of existence.

He associated the number 9 with constancy, 8 with death, and also paid great attention to the square of numbers. In this sense, the perfect number was 10. Pythagoras called ten a symbol of the Cosmos.

The Pythagoreans were the first to divide numbers into even and odd. Even numbers, according to the mathematician, had a feminine principle, and odd numbers had a masculine principle.

In those days when science as such did not exist, people learned about life and the world order as best they could. Pythagoras, like the great son of his time, tried to find answers to these and other questions with the help of figures and numbers.

Philosophical teaching

The teachings of Pythagoras can be divided into two categories:

• Scientific approach
• Religiosity and mysticism

Unfortunately, not all of Pythagoras’s works have been preserved. And all because the scientist practically did not take any notes, transferring knowledge to his students orally.

In addition to the fact that Pythagoras was a scientist and philosopher, he can rightfully be called a religious innovator. In this, Leo Tolstoy was a little like him (we published it in a separate article).

Pythagoras was a vegetarian and encouraged his followers to do so. He did not allow students to eat food of animal origin, forbade them to drink alcohol, use foul language and behave indecently.

It is also interesting that Pythagoras did not teach ordinary people who sought to obtain only superficial knowledge. He accepted as disciples only those in whom he saw selected and enlightened individuals.

Personal life

Studying the biography of Pythagoras, one may get the mistaken impression that he had no time for his personal life. However, this is not quite true.

When Pythagoras was about 60 years old, at one of his performances he met a beautiful girl named Feana.

They got married, and from this marriage they had a boy and a girl. So the outstanding Greek was a family man.

Death

Surprisingly, none of the biographers can say unambiguously how he died. great philosopher and mathematician. There are three versions of his death.

According to the first, Pythagoras was killed by one of his students whom he refused to teach. In a fit of anger, the killer set fire to the scientist's Academy, where he died.

The second version says that during the fire, the scientist’s followers, wanting to save him from death, created a bridge from their own bodies.

But the most common version of the death of Pythagoras is considered to be his death during an armed conflict in the city of Metapontus.

The great scientist lived more than 80 years, dying in 490 BC. e. During his long life he managed to do a lot, and he is quite rightly considered one of the most outstanding minds in history.

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Boreev Georgy - Pythagoras. Life is like a teaching. Volume 1 - read book online for free

Annotation

PYTHAGORAS
LIFE IS LIKE TEACHING
VOLUME ONE

ANNOTATION

In the book, the author interestingly and informatively reveals unknown pages of the biography of Pythagoras and, parallel to the plot, tells about the secret life of the esoteric schools of Egypt, Judea, Persia, Babylonia, India, China and Shambhala. The reader is revealed to the hoary secrets of existence, previously inaccessible to mere mortals. The initiations of the Greek philosopher into the mysteries of esoteric schools were accompanied by Pythagoras exiting the body and his flights in the subtle body to Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Sirius and other distant planets. G. Boreev entertainingly describes the cities of aliens and the communication of the Great Initiate with representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations. The study of Pythagoras by the founders of world religions: Zarathustra, Jina Mahavira, Gautama Buddha, Lao Tzu, Hermes Trismegistus is covered in detail. In the dialogues and disputes of Pythagoras with the fathers of religions, the purpose of the spiritual work of these messengers of Shambhala becomes clear, and the deep meaning of their statements becomes clear.

The editors do not recommend that readers independently perform some complex exercises from the School of Pythagoras, such as Shirshasana and techniques conscious exits from the body, described by G. Boreev in the book. It is better to master them under the guidance of an experienced instructor. Secret techniques of secret Schools are given here for the artistic perception of spiritual culture Ancient world, for a greater understanding by readers of the philosophy, the science and atmosphere in which Pythagoras lived, studied and worked.

ANNOTATION

In the book, the author interestingly and informatively reveals unknown pages of the biography of Pythagoras and, parallel to the plot, tells about the secret life of the esoteric schools of Egypt, Judea, Persia, Babylonia, India, China and Shambhala. The reader is revealed to the hoary secrets of existence, previously inaccessible to mere mortals. The initiations of the Greek philosopher into the mysteries of esoteric schools were accompanied by Pythagoras exiting the body and his flights in the subtle body to Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Sirius and other distant planets. G. Boreev entertainingly describes the cities of aliens and the communication of the Great Initiate with representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations. The study of Pythagoras by the founders of world religions: Zarathustra, Jina Mahavira, Gautama Buddha, Lao Tzu, Hermes Trismegistus is covered in detail. In the dialogues and disputes of Pythagoras with the fathers of religions, the purpose of the spiritual work of these messengers of Shambhala becomes clear, and the deep meaning of their statements becomes clear.

The editors do not recommend that readers independently perform some complex exercises from the School of Pythagoras, such as Shirshasana and techniques for conscious exits from the body, described by G. Boreev in the book. It is better to master them under the guidance of an experienced instructor. The secret techniques of the secret Schools are given here for the artistic perception of the spiritual culture of the Ancient World, for a greater understanding by readers of the philosophy, science and atmosphere in which Pythagoras lived, studied and worked.

LIFE IS LIKE TEACHING

The giant stars will shine,

The seas will not flood the Pamirs,

As long as the Atlanteans exist

And hold the world with your palms!

The human history of the Earth sometimes looks like a colored patchwork quilt, where among the gray shabby burlap of human savagery, materialism and godlessness, bright “patches” of expensive velvet or silk suddenly shine - unknown as divinely wise civilizations are blossoming. The fascinating pattern of this earthly “blanket” is patiently embroidered by our cosmic “nannies” - the Kumaras of Venus, the Spirits of the Higher Planets and the Teachers of Shambhala.

Thus, thanks to the immortal king of Atlantis, Arlich Vomalites, a unique state arose on the plateaus of green Africa - Ancient Egypt. This great country for many thousands of years became a world school for neophytes and initiates, a citadel of Knowledge and the headquarters of the White Brotherhood in the Mediterranean. The great Arlich Vomalites, known in Egypt under the name Thoth, nurtured this glorious civilization and helped thousands of ascetics take wings and fly away from our mortal planet forever. But when the time came for Egypt to die, it was He who became the founder of the next greatest culture, whose name is Ancient Greece.

The sages call Thoth the father of Egypt, and European history books call Pythagoras the father of Greece and claim that on the basis of the Pythagorean school in Croton and thanks to the titanic efforts of the Teacher, Ancient Hellas arose from Samos, and from it all of ours came modern science, culture and, in fact, Western civilization. However, Pythagoras himself repeatedly noted in his writings that it was He who “took him by the hand and went down with him under the Great Pyramid.” Great king Atlantis Arlich Vomalites revealed to him under the Pyramid, in the secret underground city under the Sphinx, the knowledge of geometry and music, numbers and forms, knowledge of the nature of Reality and the sequence of Creation. When, thanks to Pythagoras and his teachings, Ancient Greece arose, the immortal king of Atlantis entered this culture in the same body and with the same knowledge as in Atlantis, as in Ancient Egypt. It is appropriate to note here that in those hoary times Greece was the name given to the cities and territories of many countries in the Mediterranean and Asia Minor, which later became part of the Roman Empire. So, when He came to enlighten the peoples of Europe, he called himself Hermes. After Hermes left Hellas, Pythagoras became the same Shepherd for the laity as He was for the priests of Egypt. And today the School of Pythagoras continues the religious thought of its Teacher, applying it to new times and new incarnated souls. Thus the circle of times closes.

ORACLE PROPHECY

God entered like the wind into a sail,

In your hands, in your feet, in your ears,

He shone through his forehead like a headlight,

Enlightening souls...

At the beginning of the sixth century BC there was no more prosperous island in Greek Ionia than Samos. The roadstead of his winged port was located just opposite the purple mountains of pampered Asia Minor, from where all the luxury, gold and temptations flowed to the island. There was no richer or more successful man on blessed and refined Samos than the goldsmith named Mnesarchus. Pythagoras's father had a remarkable sense of beauty and in unique ways cutting of precious stones. Mnesarchus had no equal in trade matters: he was on friendly terms with many rulers and successfully traded throughout the Mediterranean. But the special pride of the pious jeweler was his young and virtuous wife - the first beauty of Samos, the daughter of a priest of the temple of Apollo named Parthenis.

Pythagoras' mother, Parthenis, came from a noble family descending from Ankai himself. The famous Ankai, whom Homer mentioned in his songs, was the king of the glorious Leleg tribes. These peoples came from Atlantis and settled the coast and islands of Hellas even before the arrival of the Greek tribes. According to legend, Ankai was the son of Poseidon himself, and therefore surpassed other people in wisdom, glory and virtues.

Pythagoras’s father was famous not only for his talents as a carver and cutter of precious stones, he had many other virtues, among which kindness, compassion and compassion for others were the main ones. Mnesarchus was a wealthy Phoenician, originally from the city of Tyre. In good old Tyre, Pythagoras' father worked for a long time as a cutter of precious stones for rings and gems, and then specialized in cutting emeralds. Then it happened that Mnesarchus became a successful grain merchant. One day there was a grain crop failure on the island of Samos and throughout Ionia. In this year, Mnesarchus sailed from Tyre to the island of Samos on his jewelry business and arranged for free distribution of bread to the hungry. For this noble deed, he was favored by the priests of the temple of Apollo and awarded Samian citizenship. Here, in the temple grove of Samos, he first met a girl with whom he could not help but fall in love. Parthenis was also fascinated by Mnesarchus. They played a wedding, at which all the residents of the city of Samos had fun. Not far from the main port of the island, Mnesarchus built an estate for his family, a manor house, which was made of stones and lined with marble. This three-story mansion with four columns, marble staircases and sculptures of gods was surrounded by two-story servants' houses for the families of service personnel. Fruit trees grew between the buildings and birds sang with golden voices. In this earthly paradise, the newlyweds tenderly loved and cherished each other. As they say, they lived here happily ever after. Here these faithful parents had sons - Eunost and Tirren. And the third son of Parthenis and Mnesarchus - Pythagoras - was destined to be born on the road.

One day, the virtuous Mnesarchus arrived in Delphi with a cargo of precious stones, and the inexperienced Parthenis persuaded her husband to ask the Delphic Oracle for the fate of the jewelry enterprise. The priestess of Apollo, the legendary Pythia, seemed not to have heard her husband’s mercantile questioning about the favorability of trade, increasing monetary power and the fate of the return journey. But, having entered a trance state, the oracle said: “Blessed, Mnesarchus, are you before the face of the gods! Your wife carries within her a son who will surpass all people in beauty, strength and wisdom. He will repeat the path of Hermes and will work hard on this planet for the benefit of earthlings. For this, he will suffer the bitterness of assassination attempts and humiliation from people, and will be burned alive along with his students in his school in the Italian city of Crotone. But the school founded by your son will not perish. It will be renamed the Essene School of the Dead Sea and will give new Teachers and lights of humanity. One of the followers of your son named Jesus will be born five centuries later in Bethlehem, repeat his entire path in the Himalayas and under the Pyramids, and rest at the same old age in the city of Srinagar. People will worship your son as God..."

Name: Pythagoras of Samos

Years of life: 569 BC - 495 BC

State: Ancient Greece

Field of activity: Mathematician, Philosopher

Greatest Achievement: One of the greatest mathematicians who proved many theorems. Founder of the Pythagorean school.

He was born on the island of Samos (Greece), in 569 BC. According to various sources, the death of Pythagoras is recorded between 500 BC. and 475 BC in Metaponte (Italy).

Personal life of Pythagoras

His father, Mnesarchus, was a merchant precious stones. His mother's name was Pyphaida. Pythagoras had two or three brothers.

Some historians say that Pythagoras was married to a woman named Theano and had a daughter, Miya, as well as a son named Thelaugus, who succeeded as a teacher of mathematics and may have taught Empedocles.

Others say that Theano was one of Pythagoras' students, not his wife, and it is possible that Pythagoras never married or had children.

Pythagoras was well educated, he played the lyre throughout his life, knew poetry and read Homer. He was interested in mathematics, philosophy, astronomy and music, and was greatly influenced by Pherecydes (philosophy), (mathematics and astronomy) and Anaximander (philosophy, geometry).

Pythagoras abandoned Samos around 535 BC. and went to Egypt to study with the priests in the temples. Many of the beliefs that Pythagoras later pursued in Italy were borrowed from the Egyptian priests, such as secret signs, the pursuit of purity, and not eating legumes or wearing animal skins as clothing.

Ten years later, when Persia invaded, Pythagoras was captured and sent to Babylon (now Iraq), where he met priests who taught him sacred rites. Iamblichus (250-330 AD), a Syrian philosopher, wrote about Pythagoras: “He also achieved perfection in arithmetic, music and other mathematical sciences, which were taught by the Babylonians ....”

In 520 BC. Pythagoras, now free man, left Babylon and returned to Samos, and after some time opened a school called “Semicircle”. However, his teachings were not popular with the rulers of the island of Samos, and their desire for Pythagoras' involvement in politics failed, so Pythagoras left and settled in Crotona, a Greek colony in southern Italy, around 518 BC.

There he founded a philosophical and religious school, where his many followers lived and worked.

School of Pythagoras

The Pythagoreans lived by special rules of behavior, including the rules that stated when to say what to wear and what to eat. Pythagoras was the head of the society, and his followers, both men and women who also lived there, were known as mathematicians. They had no personal belongings and were vegetarians.

• Another group of followers, who lived separately from the school, had the right to own personal property and not be vegetarians. They all worked together. Pythagoras believed:
  All things are numbers. Mathematics is the basis of everything, and geometry is the highest form of mathematical study. Physical world can be understood through mathematics.
• The soul resides in the brain and is immortal. It passes from one being to another, sometimes from human to animal, through a series of reincarnations called transmigrations, until the soul is pure. Pythagoras believed that mathematics and music could purify.
• Numbers have personality, characteristics, strengths and weaknesses.
• The world depends on the interaction of opposites, such as man and woman, light and dark, heat and cold, dryness and moisture, lightness and heaviness, speed and slowness.
• Certain symbols have mystical meanings.

Pythagorean theorems

All members of society were expected to observe strict loyalty and secrecy. Due to the strict secrecy among members of the Pythagorean society and the fact that they shared ideas and intellectual discoveries within the group and were closed to society, it is difficult to be sure whether all theorems attributed to Pythagoras originally belonged to him or were the property of the entire Pythagorean community .

Some of Pythagoras' students eventually wrote their theories, teachings and discoveries, but the Pythagoreans always gave honor to Pythagoras as their Teacher:

• The sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles.
• Pythagorean Theorem - For a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The Babylonians realized this 1000 years before the discovery, but Pythagoras proved it.
• Constructing figures geometric algebra. For example, they solved various equations using geometric means.
• The discovery of irrational numbers is attributed to the Pythagoreans, but it is unlikely that this was Pythagoras' idea because it does not agree with his philosophy that all things are numbers, since number for him meant the ratio of two integers.
• Five regular solids (tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, icosahedron, dodecahedron). It is believed that Pythagoras only knew how to build the first three, but not the last two.
• Pythagoras taught that the Earth was a sphere at the center of the Cosmos (Universe); that the planets, stars and universe were spherical because the sphere was the most perfect figure. He also taught that the paths of the planets were circular. Pythagoras discovered that morning Star was the same as the evening star Venus.

Pythagoras studied odd and even numbers, triangular numbers and perfect numbers. The Pythagoreans contributed to the understanding of angles, triangles, areas, proportions, polygons, and polyhedrons.
Pythagoras also related music to mathematics. He played the seven-string lyre for a long time and discovered how harmonious the vibrating strings are when the lengths of the strings are proportional to whole numbers such as 2:1, 3:2, 4:3.

The Pythagoreans also realized that this knowledge could be applied to other musical instruments.

Death of Pythagoras

He is said to have been killed by an angry mob, the Syracusans, during . It is also said that Pythagoras' school in Croton was burned, as a result of which he went to Metapontus, where he died of starvation.

At least both stories include a scene in which Pythagoras refuses to trample the legume crop in the field in order to escape and save himself, because of which he, along with other Pythagoreans, was caught, and during an unequal battle, the students and Pythagoras himself died.

The Pythagorean Theorem is a cornerstone of mathematics and remains so interesting to mathematicians that there are over 400 different proofs of its solution, including the original proof of the 20th American President Garfield.

Scorpion